High-energy neutrino astrophysics has come of age with IceCube's discovery of neutrinos in the TeV to PeV energy range, attributable to extragalactic sources at cosmological distances. At such energies, astrophysical neutrinos must originate in cosmic-ray interactions, providing information about the sources of high-energy cosmic rays, as well as leading to the coproduction of high-energy γ-rays. The intimate link with these two independently observed types of radiation provides important tools for the quest to identify and understand the nature of the astrophysical sources of the neutrinos. These neutrinos can set important constraints on the cosmic-ray acceleration process, and because they travel essentially unimpeded, they can probe our Universe out to the farthest cosmological distances.

中文翻译：

---

冰立方时代高能中微子的天体物理来源

随着 IceCube 发现 TeV 到 PeV 能量范围内的中微子，高能中微子天体物理学已经成熟，这归因于宇宙距离的河外源。在这样的能量下，天体物理中微子必须起源于宇宙射线相互作用，提供有关高能宇宙射线来源的信息，并导致高能 γ 射线的共同产生。与这两种独立观察到的辐射类型的密切联系为寻找和理解中微子天体物理来源的性质提供了重要的工具。这些中微子可以对宇宙射线加速过程设置重要限制，并且由于它们基本上不受阻碍地行进，它们可以将我们的宇宙探测到最远的宇宙距离。