Hundreds of highly toxic chemical pesticides and their conventional unsafe formulations of varying toxicities are used extensively to control pests, diseases, and weeds to increase agricultural production. The use of bio or botanical pesticides, which have been found effective, safe, and eco-friendly, could possibly provide a viable solution. Thus, the development and production of environment-friendly botanical pesticides and their water-based formulations, to replace the highly toxic agro-chemicals and unsafe formulations, has gained significant importance towards developing appropriate strategies for crop protection. The present study was aimed to evaluate the nematocidal nature of the aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Urtica dioica, Sophora mollis, Ephedra intermedia, and Tanacetum baltistanicum. For this purpose, the plant material was dried in shade and mechanically ground into a powder form. The methanolic extracts of each plant sample were obtained and further extracted into different organic and aqueous fractions. The polar organic and aqueous fractions were further subjected to in vitro studies against Meloidogyne incognita, a common root-knot nematode. The results revealed that the polar organic and aqueous extracts of all the tested plants showed excellent results with total mortality of 75-95% at the concentrations of 0.125-1% after 72 h of the treatment. These results can be exploited further for their efficacy against M. incognita through on-field applications. The nematocidal effect of tested extracts indicates that some polar oxygenated secondary metabolites with lipophilic properties may be responsible to damage the cytoplasmic membrane of the nematode cells by interfering with the enzyme protein structure through their functional groups.

中文翻译：

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评价一些药用植物提取物对根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）的杀线虫作用

数百种剧毒化学农药及其具有不同毒性的常规不安全制剂被广泛用于控制害虫、疾病和杂草，以提高农业产量。使用已被证明有效、安全且环保的生物或植物杀虫剂可能会提供可行的解决方案。因此，开发和生产环境友好的植物性农药及其水基制剂，以取代剧毒农药和不安全的制剂，对于制定适当的作物保护战略具有重要意义。本研究旨在评估大蒜、荨麻、槐花、麻黄和马尾草的水提取物的杀线虫性质。以此目的，植物材料在阴凉处干燥并机械研磨成粉末形式。获得每个植物样品的甲醇提取物，并进一步提取到不同的有机和水部分。极性有机和水性组分进一步进行了针对南方根结线虫（一种常见的根结线虫）的体外研究。结果表明，所有受试植物的极性有机和水提取物在处理 72 小时后在 0.125-1% 的浓度下均显示出优异的结果，总死亡率为 75-95%。这些结果可以通过现场应用进一步利用它们对 M. incognita 的功效。