Due to the rapid shrinking of supply of mineral nutrients as well as observed weather fluctuations in throughout Europe in recent ten years, sustainable phosphorus fertilisation has become an important aspect of legume cultivation. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on the pea seed yield and quality in water poor conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the seed yield and seed chemical composition of selected pea cultivars in response to the level of P fertilisation and weather conditions across three consecutive years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to assess the proportion of variability of tested variables (seed quality traits) that could be explained by explanatory variables (year, cultivar, fertilisation). Temporary soil drought during flowering stage resulted in a significant increase in yield only after high level of phosphorus application (140 kg ha–¹). This indicates that phosphorus significantly mitigated the effect of water shortage. In a dry year, pea had high concentration of fat and fibre in seeds, while in very humid year the opposite response was observed. RDA analysis proved that year effect explained over 50% variability, whereas cultivar and P fertilisation explained only 14.2% of variability. The effect of P fertilisation was only marginal (1.6%) in comparison with cultivar selection (12.6%). Interaction of pea cultivars with fertilisation shows a consistent tendency towards increase of crude protein under higher phosphorus doses for cultivars ‘Tarchalska’ and ‘Protecta’ whereas opposite tendency was observed for ‘Batuta’ and ‘Tinker’. It can be concluded that suitable cultivar selection gives a much greater opportunity to affect pea chemical composition than P fertilisation.

中文翻译：

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不同季节磷营养对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）品种种子产量和品质的影响

由于近十年来欧洲各地矿质养分供应迅速减少以及观察到的天气波动，可持续磷肥已成为豆类种植的一个重要方面。缺乏关于磷（P）营养对缺水条件下豌豆种子产量和质量影响的知识。本研究旨在评估所选豌豆品种的种子产量和种子化学成分，以响应连续三年的磷肥水平和天气条件。冗余分析 (RDA) 用于评估可通过解释变量（年份、品种、施肥）解释的测试变量（种子质量性状）的变异比例。只有在高水平施磷（140 kg ha–¹）后，开花期的临时土壤干旱才能显着提高产量。这表明磷显着减轻了缺水的影响。在干旱年份，豌豆种子中的脂肪和纤维含量很高，而在非常潮湿的年份，则观察到相反的反应。RDA 分析证明，年份效应解释了超过 50% 的变异性，而栽培品种和施磷肥仅解释了 14.2% 的变异性。与品种选择 (12.6%) 相比，磷肥的影响仅微不足道 (1.6%)。豌豆栽培品种与施肥的相互作用表明，在较高磷剂量下，栽培品种 'Tarchalska' 和 'Protecta' 具有一致的粗蛋白增加趋势，而对 'Batuta' 和 'Tinker' 观察到相反的趋势。可以得出结论，合适的品​​种选择比施肥更能影响豌豆化学成分。