Monitoring glacier flow speed and calving rates is of interest for climate research, global sea-level studies and Arctic ship traffic. The research station in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, offers a unique location close to multiple glacier fronts. In this study, we explore the possibilities of permanent monitoring of glaciers in the Ny-Alesund area using a ground-based interferometric radar with a significantly higher temporal resolution than what is achievable from satellites or mechanical scanning ground-based radars. Measurements were made from two different locations—Pynten and the Ny-Alesund research station—located 5 and 15 km from Kronebreen glacier, respectively. The temporal resolution of the radar is flexible, and in this experiment is limited to five images per minute, providing data with high temporal resolution of glacier flow. We calculated a geo-located two-dimensional flow map of the glacier from the radar data, extracted glacier speed profiles and identified major calving onsets. This type of near real-time data may well be used with machine-learning techniques for more advanced monitoring systems. The radar measurements agree well with previous satellite measurements at lower temporal resolution. The observed mean flow of the Kronebreen glacier front varies across the glacier from around 0.4 m/day at the edges to 3 m/day in the central part. We identify and discuss possible improvements to the radar system and conclude that Ny-Alesund is a well-suited location for radar monitoring of glacier flow velocities.

中文翻译：

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使用高时间分辨率地基干涉相控阵雷达监测 Ny-Ålesund 的冰川流

监测冰川流速和崩解率对气候研究、全球海平面研究和北极船舶交通很重要。位于斯瓦尔巴群岛 Ny-Alesund 的研究站拥有靠近多个冰川前沿的独特位置。在这项研究中，我们探索了使用时间分辨率明显高于卫星或机械扫描地面雷达的时间分辨率的地基干涉雷达对新奥勒松地区冰川进行永久监测的可能性。测量是在两个不同的地点进行的——Pynten 和 Ny-Alesund 研究站——分别位于距离 Kronebreen 冰川 5 公里和 15 公里的地方。雷达的时间分辨率是灵活的，在本实验中限制为每分钟五幅图像，提供具有高冰川流时间分辨率的数据。我们根据雷达数据计算了冰川的地理定位二维流图，提取了冰川速度剖面并确定了主要的崩解开始。这种近乎实时的数据很可能与机器学习技术一起用于更高级的监控系统。雷达测量结果与之前较低时间分辨率的卫星测量结果非常吻合。观测到的 Kronebreen 冰川锋的平均流量在整个冰川上变化，从边缘的 0.4 m/天到中心部分的 3 m/天。我们确定并讨论了对雷达系统的可能改进，并得出结论，新奥勒松是冰川流速雷达监测的理想场所。这种近乎实时的数据很可能与机器学习技术一起用于更高级的监控系统。雷达测量结果与之前较低时间分辨率的卫星测量结果非常吻合。观测到的 Kronebreen 冰川锋的平均流量在整个冰川上变化，从边缘的 0.4 m/天到中心部分的 3 m/天。我们确定并讨论了对雷达系统的可能改进，并得出结论，新奥勒松是冰川流速雷达监测的理想场所。这种近乎实时的数据很可能与机器学习技术一起用于更高级的监控系统。雷达测量结果与之前较低时间分辨率的卫星测量结果非常吻合。观测到的 Kronebreen 冰川锋的平均流量在整个冰川上变化，从边缘的 0.4 m/天到中心部分的 3 m/天。我们确定并讨论了对雷达系统的可能改进，并得出结论，新奥勒松是冰川流速雷达监测的理想场所。边缘为 4 m/天，中部为 3 m/天。我们确定并讨论了对雷达系统的可能改进，并得出结论，新奥勒松是冰川流速雷达监测的理想场所。边缘为 4 m/天，中部为 3 m/天。我们确定并讨论了对雷达系统的可能改进，并得出结论，新奥勒松是冰川流速雷达监测的理想场所。