Abstract In practice, measurement results are sometimes described by an estimate, which is not the best one as defined in the GUM. Such alternative estimates arise when the result of a measurement is not corrected for all systematic effects. No recommendation exists in the GUM for associating an uncertainty with an uncorrected estimate. A common choice in guidelines and in the literature is the uncertainty u(y′)=u2(y)+(y-y′)2 u\left( {y'} \right) = \sqrt {{u^2}\left( y \right) + {{\left( {y - y'} \right)}^2}} for an alternative estimate y′. It arises from the expected quadratic loss, on which, also in the GUM, the standard uncertainty u(y), and the best estimate y are based. However, such an uncertainty is not a standard uncertainty and we establish, it may not be used for uncertainty propagation. One consequence is, for example, that pairs (y′, u(y′)) are not to be used in calibration certificates.

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关于不校正系统效应

摘要 在实践中，测量结果有时用估计来描述，这不是 GUM 中定义的最佳值。当测量结果没有针对所有系统效应进行校正时，就会出现这种替代估计。GUM 中没有建议将不确定性与未校正的估计值联系起来。指南和文献中的一个常见选择是不确定性 u(y')=u2(y)+(yy')2 u\left( {y'} \right) = \sqrt {{u^2}\left ( y \right) + {{\left( {y - y'} \right)}^2}} 用于替代估计 y'。它源于预期的二次损失，在 GUM 中，标准不确定性 u(y) 和最佳估计 y 也基于该损失。然而，这样的不确定度不是标准不确定度，我们确定，它可能不会用于不确定度传播。一个后果是，例如，