ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of tuan guru as Islamic leaders among Sasak society on the island of Lombok. Although there are several traditional criteria for calling someone a tuan guru, there remains debate about which features are most important and which aspects are optional. Tuan guru play various cultural roles in society, including not only educator and guardian of traditional culture but also social mediator. The place of this category of traditional leader has been shifting over the past several decades though, in response to both general trends of modernity and the specific context of Lombok and Indonesia. The article discusses both the direction of the trends (towards loosening the requirements for ascribing the title tuan guru) and some of the specific factors at play.

中文翻译：

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Tuan Guru 与印度尼西亚龙目岛的社会变革

摘要 本文讨论了 tuan guru 作为龙目岛 Sasak 社会中伊斯兰领袖的作用。尽管称某人为团大师有几个传统标准，但关于哪些特征最重要以及哪些方面是可选的，仍然存在争议。团上师在社会中扮演着各种文化角色，不仅包括传统文化的教育者和守护者，还包括社会中介。不过，为了应对现代性的总体趋势以及龙目岛和印度尼西亚的具体环境，这类传统领导者的位置在过去几十年中一直在发生变化。这篇文章既讨论了趋势的方向（放宽了将头衔归为团古鲁的要求），也讨论了一些在起作用的具体因素。