ABSTRACT In an increasing number of countries, the standard treatment for deaf individuals is moving toward the implantation of two cochlear implants. Today’s device technology and fitting procedure, however, appears as if the two implants would serve two independent ears and brains. Many experimental studies have demonstrated that after careful matching and balancing of left and right stimulation in controlled laboratory studies most patients have almost normal sensitivity to interaural level differences and some sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs). Mechanisms underlying the limited ITD sensitivity are still poorly understood and many different aspects may contribute. Recent pioneering computational approaches identified some of the functional implications the electric input imposes on the neural brainstem circuits. Simultaneously these studies have raised new questions and certainly demonstrated that further refinement of the model stages is necessary. They join the experimental study’s conclusions that binaural device technology, binaural fitting, specific speech coding strategies, and binaural signal processing algorithms are obviously missing components to maximize the benefit of bilateral implantation. Within this review, the existing models of the electrically stimulated binaural system are explained, compared, and discussed from a viewpoint of a “CI device with auditory system” and from that of neurophysiological research.

中文翻译：

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电刺激双耳系统模型：综述

摘要 在越来越多的国家，聋人的标准治疗正朝着植入两个人工耳蜗的方向发展。然而，今天的设备技术和安装程序似乎两个植入物将为两个独立的耳朵和大脑服务。许多实验研究表明，在对照实验室研究中仔细匹配和平衡左右刺激后，大多数患者对耳间水平差异的敏感性几乎正常，对耳间时间差异 (ITD) 具有一定的敏感性。对有限的 ITD 敏感性的潜在机制仍然知之甚少，许多不同的方面可能有所贡献。最近的开创性计算方法确定了电输入对神经脑干回路的一些功能影响。同时，这些研究提出了新的问题，当然也表明模型阶段的进一步细化是必要的。他们加入了实验研究的结论，即双耳设备技术、双耳拟合、特定的语音编码策略和双耳信号处理算法显然是缺失的组件，以最大限度地发挥双耳植入的好处。在这篇综述中，从“带听觉系统的 CI 设备”和神经生理学研究的角度解释、比较和讨论了电刺激双耳系统的现有模型。特定的语音编码策略和双耳信号处理算法显然缺少组件，以最大限度地发挥双侧植入的好处。在这篇综述中，从“带听觉系统的 CI 设备”和神经生理学研究的角度解释、比较和讨论了电刺激双耳系统的现有模型。特定的语音编码策略和双耳信号处理算法显然缺少组件，以最大限度地发挥双侧植入的好处。在这篇综述中，从“带听觉系统的 CI 设备”和神经生理学研究的角度解释、比较和讨论了电刺激双耳系统的现有模型。