ABSTRACT In the last few decades, biophysical models have emerged as a prominent tool in the study and improvement of cochlear implants, a neural prosthetic that restores a degree of sound perception to the profoundly deaf. Owing to the spatial phenomena associated with extracellular stimulation, these models have evolved to a relatively high degree of morphological and physiological detail: single-node models in the tradition of Hodgkin–Huxley are paired with cable descriptions of the auditory nerve fiber. No singular model has emerged as a frontrunner to the field; rather, parameter sets deriving from the channel kinetics and morphologies of numerous organisms (mammalian and otherwise) are combined and tuned to foster strong agreement with response properties observed in vivo, such as refractoriness, summation, and strength–duration relationships. Recently, biophysical models of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve have begun to incorporate adaptation and stochastic mechanisms, in order to better realize the goal of predicting realistic neural responses to a wide array of stimuli.

中文翻译：

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电刺激听觉神经生物物理模型的发展：单节点和电缆模型

摘要 在过去的几十年里，生物物理模型已经成为研究和改进人工耳蜗的重要工具，人工耳蜗是一种神经假体，可以恢复重度失聪者一定程度的声音感知。由于与细胞外刺激相关的空间现象，这些模型已经发展到相对高度的形态和生理细节：霍奇金 - 赫胥黎传统中的单节点模型与听觉神经纤维的电缆描述配对。没有一个单一的模型成为该领域的领跑者。相反，来自众多生物体（哺乳动物和其他）的通道动力学和形态的参数集被组合和调整，以促进与体内观察到的响应特性的强烈一致，例如耐火度、求和、和强度-持续时间的关系。最近，电刺激听觉神经的生物物理模型已经开始结合适应和随机机制，以更好地实现预测对各种刺激的真实神经反应的目标。