Arocha’s critique of psychology is framed in the scientific realism of the late philosopher of science, Mario Bunge. Arocha draws on Bunge’s concept of emergence, the ontological postulate that the world is organized in systems with properties that its components lack. Although emergence is helpful to psychological theory and research, this commentary proposes another concept from Bunge’s philosophy, namely convergence, as a complementary path to improving psychological theory. Convergence is the epistemological postulate that, because the world is organized in systems, engaging with different areas of science, that is, taking a cross-disciplinary perspective, leads to a greater understanding of reality. Psychology often focuses narrowly and inwardly, resulting in theoretical commitments that are incommensurate with evidence in other sciences. After examining the relation between emergence and convergence, this commentary will provide an example of convergence using biology and sociology to unpack theory of mind.

已故科学哲学家马里奥·邦吉 (Mario Bunge) 的科学实在论是阿罗查 (Arocha) 对心理学的批判。Arocha 借鉴了 Bunge 的涌现概念，这是一种本体论假设，即世界是在系统中组织的，而系统具有其组件所缺乏的特性。尽管涌现对心理学理论和研究有帮助，但这篇评论提出了邦吉哲学中的另一个概念，即趋同，作为改进心理学理论的补充途径。趋同是一种认识论假设，因为世界是按系统组织的，涉及不同的科学领域，也就是说，采取跨学科的视角，可以更好地理解现实。心理学往往狭隘和向内关注，导致理论承诺与其他科学的证据不相称。在考察了涌现和趋同之间的关系之后，本评论将提供一个使用生物学和社会学来解开心理理论的趋同示例。