Carbon capture and storage technologies are key to remove carbon dioxide emissions from hard-to-decarbonise industries, such as steel, cement and refining sectors. A multi-echelon mixed integer linear programming model is developed for the optimal design of carbon capture and storage supply chains from industrial sources at a European level.

The model is based on exact coordinates and comprises all the stages of a carbon capture and storage chain in Europe, including multiple capture plants across industrial sources, CO${}_2$ transport through pipelines or ships to existing docks, onshore and/or offshore geological storage basins. The optimal infrastructure is optimised in economic terms by pursuing either country-wise or Europe-wide carbon reduction targets.

Removing 50% of industrial CO${}_2$ emissions in each country costs 60.5 €/t, which increases up to 81.4 €/t if onshore storage is forbidden. Variations of carbon reduction target are analysed. Although CO${}_2$ transport by pipeline dominates in terms of volumes, ships can have an important role for Southern Europe countries, if CO${}_2$ storage is restricted to offshore North Sea basins. The setting of a Europe-wide reduction target produces a slight decrease in costs in all analysed scenarios.

碳捕获和储存技术是消除钢铁、水泥和炼油行业等难以脱碳行业的二氧化碳排放的关键。开发了一种多级混合整数线性规划模型，用于在欧洲层面对工业来源的碳捕获和储存供应链进行优化设计。

该模型基于精确坐标，包括欧洲碳捕集和封存链的所有阶段，包括跨工业来源的多个捕集工厂、CO${}_2$通过管道或船舶运输到现有码头、陆上和/或海上地质储存盆地。通过追求国家或欧洲范围的碳减排目标，优化基础设施在经济方面得到优化。

去除 50% 的工业二氧化碳${}_2$每个国家的排放成本为 60.5 欧元/吨，如果禁止陆上储存，则最高可达 81.4 欧元/吨。分析了碳减排目标的变化。虽然一氧化碳${}_2$ 管道运输在运输量方面占主导地位，如果 CO${}_2$储存仅限于北海近海盆地。在所有分析情景中，欧洲范围内减排目标的设定都会使成本略有下降。