Abstract

Azoxystrobin (strobilurin fungicide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) have been detected in surface waters near treated agricultural, urban, and mixed landscapes. The hazards of pesticide runoff can be prevented through best management practices, including the establishment of diverse wetland plant barriers that can phytoremediate the chemicals in which they come into contact with. In this study, the wetland plant species softrush (Juncus effusus), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), and arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) were planted in sandy soil containers that were then placed in azoxystrobin or imidacloprid treated water. Every week for 2 months, water samples were collected for pesticide residue analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At 14, 28, and 56 days after initiation, plants were destructively harvested and analyzed for pesticide residue in soil, above-ground vegetation, and below-ground vegetation. Results from this study report P. cordata reduced greater azoxystrobin (51.7% reduction compared to treated non-planted containers) compared to J. effusus and S. latifolia (24.9% and 28.7% reduction from non-planted containers) at 56 days. However, S. latifolia reduced greater imidacloprid (79.3% reduction compared to non-planted containers) compared to J. effusus and P. cordata (36.0% and 37.1% reduction from non-planted containers) at 56 days.

Novelty statement: While research has found that wetland plants can absorb and remediate synthetic chemicals, this practice is only sustainable if used with native plants that require low maintenance and are tolerant to the applied substances. Various previous studies observe plants that are fast-growing, tolerant to environmental conditions, require low-maintenance, and are hardy. However, these plant species are not always suitable for any location and are often considered invasive and/or weed-like. The present research initiates a list of plant species which can be used within the southeastern United States and similar areas to phytoremediate commonly used pesticides azoxystrobin and imidacloprid and prevent off-target movement into sensitive water systems.

摘要

已在经过处理的农业、城市和混合景观附近的地表水中检测到嘧菌酯（甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂）和吡虫啉（新烟碱类杀虫剂）。可以通过最佳管理实践来预防农药径流的危害，包括建立各种湿地植物屏障，以植物修复它们接触的化学物质。在这项研究中，湿地植物物种软草丛 ( Juncus effusus )、pickerelweed ( Pontederia cordata ) 和箭头 ( Sagittaria latifolia)将其种植在沙土容器中，然后将其放入嘧菌酯或吡虫啉处理过的水中。每周 2 个月收集水样，使用高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 进行农药残留分析。在开始后 14、28 和 56 天，对植物进行破坏性收获，并分析土壤、地上植被和地下植被中的农药残留。该研究的结果报告说，在 56 天时，与J. effusus和S. latifolia相比， P. cordata减少了更多的嘧菌酯（与处理过的非种植容器相比减少了 51.7%）（从非种植容器减少了 24.9% 和 28.7%）。然而，S. latifolia在 56 天时，与J. effusus和P. cordata（非种植容器减少 36.0% 和 37.1% ）相比，减少了更大的吡虫啉（与非种植容器相比减少了 79.3% ）。

新颖性声明：虽然研究发现湿地植物可以吸收和修复合成化学物质，但这种做法只有在与需要低维护和耐受应用物质的本地植物一起使用时才可持续。先前的各种研究观察到植物生长迅速、对环境条件耐受、需要低维护且耐寒。然而，这些植物物种并不总是适合任何地点，并且通常被认为是侵入性的和/或类似杂草的。本研究启动了一份可在美国东南部和类似地区用于植物修复常用杀虫剂嘧菌酯和吡虫啉并防止脱靶进入敏感水系统的植物物种清单。