Quantum technology allows for unparalleled levels of data and software protection. Probabilistic one-time programs harness these capabilities for quantum-assisted classical computations by encoding classical software in small quantum states resulting in computer programs that can be used only once. Such self-destructing one-time programs facilitate a variety of applications reaching from software distribution to one-time delegation of signature authority. Whereas previous experiments demonstrated the feasibility of such schemes, the practical applications were limited. Here we present an improved protocol for one-time programs that resolves major drawbacks of previous schemes, by employing entangled qubit pairs. This results in four orders of magnitude higher count rates and the ability to execute a program long after the quantum information exchange has taken place. We implement a one-time delegation of signature authority over an underground fiber link between university buildings in downtown Vienna, emphasizing the compatibility of our scheme with prepare-and-measure quantum internet networks.

Quantum 技术可实现无与伦比的数据和软件保护水平。概率一次性程序通过将经典软件编码为小量子态来利用这些功能进行量子辅助经典计算，从而产生只能使用一次的计算机程序。这种自毁一次性程序促进了从软件分发到签名权限的一次性委托的各种应用。虽然之前的实验证明了这种方案的可行性，但实际应用是有限的。在这里，我们提出了一种一次性程序的改进协议，通过使用纠缠的量子位对解决了以前方案的主要缺点。这导致计数率提高了四个数量级，并且能够在量子信息交换发生后很长时间内执行程序。我们在维也纳市中心的大学建筑之间的地下光纤链路上实施了一次性签名授权，强调我们的方案与准备和测量量子互联网网络的兼容性。