With level 3 automated vehicles poised to appear on the roads soon, takeover remains a major challenge. At present, the effect of manual driving experience on takeover performance is unknown. Therefore, a simulator study was conducted to investigate the influence of driving experience (novice and experienced) on takeover performance in different takeover time budgets (7 s and 5 s) and in combination with a visual secondary task (i.e., surrogate reference task). Data from 48 young and middle-aged participants consisting of 24 novice and 24 experienced drivers were used for this study. Researchers found that the overall stability of evasive maneuvers by novice drivers was considerably worse than that by experienced drivers. A detailed analysis showed that the influence of driving experience on takeover stability was mainly reflected in longitudinal control rather than lateral control. A significant interaction between driving experience and visual secondary task showed that the latter had a substantial impact on the takeover stability of experienced drivers but not on that of novice drivers. Researchers also found that rich manual driving experience cannot make the takeover process of experienced drivers more stable than that of novice drivers under conditions of eye-off-road. In addition, no significant difference was found between novice and experienced drivers in automation disengagement time, takeover time and minimum time to collision. Results indicate that novice drivers have poor takeover stability and weak adaptability, but their longitudinal collision risk is not deteriorated by the lack of manual driving experience.

随着 3 级自动驾驶汽车即将出现在道路上，接管仍然是一项重大挑战。目前，手动驾驶体验对收购绩效的影响尚不清楚。因此，进行了模拟器研究，以研究驾驶经验（新手和老手）在不同接管时间预算（7 秒和 5 秒）下并结合视觉辅助任务（即代理参考任务）对接管性能的影响。本研究使用了 48 名中青年参与者的数据，其中包括 24 名新手和 24 名有经验的司机。研究人员发现，新手驾驶员的规避动作的整体稳定性比有经验的驾驶员差得多。详细分析表明，驾驶体验对接管稳定性的影响主要体现在纵向控制而非横向控制。驾驶体验与视觉次要任务之间的显着交互表明，后者对经验丰富的驾驶员的接管稳定性有重大影响，但对新手驾驶员的接管稳定性没有显着影响。研究人员还发现，丰富的手动驾驶经验并不能让有经验的司机在目不转睛的情况下比新手司机的接管过程更稳定。此外，新手和有经验的驾驶员在自动化脱离时间、接管时间和最小碰撞时间方面没有发现显着差异。结果表明，新手司机接管稳定性较差，适应性较弱，