The findings of this empirical research provide new information about the importance of caregiver interactions during care routines, specifically diaper changing, in supporting infant and toddler involvement and well-being. This correlational study involved observations of 144 separate diapering cycles by 31 caregivers with 74 infants and toddlers in 30 infant and toddler classrooms in a U.S. Midwest city. Based on these observations, caregiver responsiveness was found to be significantly related to both child involvement and child well-being. Another feature of caregivers’ behavior, caregiver encouragement, was significantly associated with child well-being, but not child involvement. The study results suggest that caregivers’ behaviors, specifically responsiveness and encouragement, during diapering are vital proximal processes in the moment-to-moment interactions between a caregiver and child. Thus, responsiveness and encouragement in care routines should be emphasized in infant care settings and be a focus for caregiver professional development, including pre- and in-service training. Although training related to diapering is often restricted to health concerns, the findings suggest that specific caregiver–child interactions during this care routine may support or hinder children's well-being and involvement in the moment. Caregiver responsiveness to children's cues in this context may enhance children's opportunities to practice involvement in bidirectional relationships and support children's well-being.

中文翻译：

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换尿布期间看护人-婴儿和幼儿的互动：看护人的反应和儿童的幸福感和参与

这项实证研究的结果提供了有关照料者在日常照料过程中互动的重要性的新信息，特别是换尿布，以支持婴儿和幼儿的参与和幸福。这项相关性研究涉及在美国中西部城市的 30 间婴幼儿教室中对 74 名婴幼儿的 31 名护理人员进行的 144 次独立尿布循环的观察。根据这些观察，发现看护人的反应与儿童的参与和儿童的幸福感都显着相关。照顾者行为的另一个特征，照顾者的鼓励，与儿童的幸福感显着相关，但与儿童的参与无关。研究结果表明，看护者的行为，特别是反应和鼓励，换尿布期间是看护者和儿童之间即时互动中至关重要的近端过程。因此，在婴儿护理环境中应强调护理程序的响应性和鼓励性，并成为护理人员专业发展的重点，包括职前和在职培训。尽管与换尿布相关的培训通常仅限于健康问题，但研究结果表明，在这种护理程序中特定的照顾者与儿童的互动可能会支持或阻碍儿童的幸福和参与。在这种情况下，看护人对儿童暗示的反应可能会增加儿童练习参与双向关系和支持儿童福祉的机会。在婴儿护理环境中应强调护理程序的响应性和鼓励性，并成为护理人员专业发展的重点，包括职前和在职培训。尽管与换尿布相关的培训通常仅限于健康问题，但研究结果表明，在这种护理程序中特定的照顾者与儿童的互动可能会支持或阻碍儿童的幸福和参与。在这种情况下，看护人对儿童暗示的反应可能会增加儿童练习参与双向关系和支持儿童福祉的机会。在婴儿护理环境中应强调护理程序的响应性和鼓励性，并成为护理人员专业发展的重点，包括职前和在职培训。尽管与换尿布相关的培训通常仅限于健康问题，但研究结果表明，在这种护理程序中特定的照顾者与儿童的互动可能会支持或阻碍儿童的幸福和参与。在这种情况下，看护人对儿童暗示的反应可能会增加儿童练习参与双向关系和支持儿童福祉的机会。研究结果表明，在这种照料过程中，特定的照料者与儿童之间的互动可能会支持或阻碍儿童此时的幸福感和参与度。在这种情况下，看护人对儿童暗示的反应可能会增加儿童练习参与双向关系和支持儿童福祉的机会。研究结果表明，在这种照料过程中，特定的照料者与儿童之间的互动可能会支持或阻碍儿童此时的幸福感和参与度。在这种情况下，看护人对儿童暗示的反应可能会增加儿童练习参与双向关系和支持儿童福祉的机会。