This research focuses on providing a detailed characteristic of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in 316L stainless steels with and without Ca treatment after machining using different cutting speeds. The electrolytic extraction (EE) technique was used for three-dimensional determinations of the inclusion characteristics. Quantitative data from the fragile non-metallic inclusions (such as size, surface area, number) in chips obtained from different cutting speeds and materials were determined. The morphologies of NMIs in the chip samples were quite different compared to the original inclusions in the stainless steel samples before machining. It was proved that the deformation degree of soft inclusions such as MnS and CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–TiO_x is dependent on the cutting speed as well as the temperatures and deformation degrees of the metal matrix during machining. The total surface areas of MnS inclusions increase from 2.8 to 3.8 times compared to the original total areas with an increased cutting speed. The total surface areas of soft oxide inclusions also increase from 1.1 to 3.5 times compared to the original total areas. In addition, the tool-chip contact lengths were also measured on the rake face of the tool, and the results were compared to the determined characteristics of the observed inclusions. It was found that the modification of NMIs by Ca treatment in 316L stainless steels is preferred for high cutting speeds.

这项研究的重点是提供在使用不同切削速度进行加工后经过和未经 Ca 处理的 316L 不锈钢中非金属夹杂物 (NMI) 的详细特征。电解提取 (EE) 技术用于对夹杂物特征进行三维测定。确定了从不同切削速度和材料获得的切屑中易碎非金属夹杂物的定量数据（如尺寸、表面积、数量）。与加工前不锈钢样品中的原始夹杂物相比，切屑样品中 NMI 的形态有很大不同。证明了软夹杂物如 MnS 和 CaO-SiO ₂ -Al ₂ O ₃ -MgO-TiO _x的变形程度取决于切削速度以及加工过程中金属基体的温度和变形程度。随着切削速度的增加，MnS 夹杂物的总表面积与原始总面积相比从 2.8 倍增加到 3.8 倍。与原始总面积相比，软氧化物夹杂物的总表面积也从 1.1 倍增加到 3.5 倍。此外，还测量了刀具前刀面上的刀具-切屑接触长度，并将结果与​​观察到的夹杂物的确定特征进行了比较。研究发现，在 316L 不锈钢中通过 Ca 处理对 NMI 进行改性对于高切削速度是首选。