Hydrogen use is dominated by industry, with most hydrogen demand mitigated using fossil fuels; therefore, there is an eminent potential for the reduction of emissions by replacing fossil-derived hydrogen with a renewable hydrogen source. Although the emission reduction by using renewable energy presents a promising potential, its fluctuating nature is still a challenge to be addressed. In this study, considering a battery energy storage system (BESS), a dynamic operation-based techno-economic evaluation of a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV)-powered alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) was conducted using actual solar data. Different process configurations were designed and simulated to quantify the available potential of a standalone solar-powered hydrogen production system in Korea. Furthermore, economic evaluation metrics, such as levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and Monte Carlo simulation, were used to assess the potential of different configurations under variable market prices and future technology costs to estimate the future potential. The results showed that Case 1 (standalone solar-powered AWE without BESS) offers the lowest LCOH (9.55 $/kg) but with daytime operation only. Meanwhile, Case 4 (standalone solar-powered AWE with BESS) reported the second-lowest LCOH (11.67 $/kg) compared with the other cases. The results also suggested that systems with BESS can increase operational reliability by minimizing operational fluctuations and maximizing operational hours but with a slightly higher LCOH. The conducted sensitivity analysis showed that the technology cost (solar PV, AWE, and BESS) has the highest impact on LCOH, which is promising, in light of the decreasing trend in the future costs of such technologies.

氢的使用由工业主导，大多数氢需求使用化石燃料来缓解；因此，通过用可再生氢源替代化石衍生的氢来减​​少排放具有巨大的潜力。尽管使用可再生能源减排具有广阔的前景，但其波动性仍然是一个需要解决的挑战。在这项研究中，考虑到电池储能系统 (BESS)，使用实际太阳能数据对独立太阳能光伏 (PV) 供电的碱性水电解槽 (AWE) 进行了基于动态运行的技术经济评估。设计和模拟了不同的工艺配置，以量化韩国独立太阳能制氢系统的可用潜力。此外，经济评价指标，例如氢平衡成本 (LCOH) 和蒙特卡罗模拟，被用来评估不同配置在可变市场价格和未来技术成本下的潜力，以估计未来的潜力。结果表明，案例 1（没有 BESS 的独立太阳能 AWE）提供最低的 LCOH（9.55 美元/公斤），但仅在白天运行。同时，与其他案例相比，案例 4（带有 BESS 的独立太阳能 AWE）报告了第二低的 LCOH（11.67 美元/公斤）。结果还表明，具有 BESS 的系统可以通过最大限度地减少运行波动和最大限度地延长运行时间来提高运行可靠性，但 LCOH 略高。进行的敏感性分析表明，技术成本（太阳能 PV、AWE 和 BESS）对 LCOH 的影响最大，这是有希望的，