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Populism and Nationalism: An Overview of Similarities and Differences
Studies in Comparative International Development ( IF 2.591 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s12116-021-09332-x
Ashutosh Varshney

Both populism and nationalism are rooted in the idea of popular sovereignty. They look alike when populism gravitates towards the right, identifying “the people” with an ethnic or racial majority, and when nationalism turns against the minorities. But populism can also go towards the left, embracing the low-income citizenry as the nation’s “true people,” just as nationalism can include ethnic and racial diversity under its umbrella. Some other key differences are also noteworthy. Populism is inevitably defined as an anti-elitist doctrine, whereas nationalism is often led by the elites. Moreover, embedded as it normally is in state institutions, laws, school textbooks, museums and maps, nationalism can be a state ideology, taking routinized forms. In contrast, populist politics thrives on a virtually relentless mobilization of popular energy. Nationalism acquires this fervent form mainly under two conditions: when it is secessionary, trying to break states up, or when it becomes majoritarian, attacking internal minorities. Otherwise, nationalism can easily exist in a quieter register.



中文翻译:

民粹主义与民族主义:异同概览

民粹主义和民族主义都植根于人民主权的理念。当民粹主义倾向于右翼,将“人民”视为族裔或种族多数时,以及当民族主义转向反对少数群体时,它们看起来很相似。但民粹主义也可以走向左翼,将低收入公民视为国家的“真正的人民”,就像民族主义可以在其保护伞下包括种族和种族多样性一样。其他一些关键差异也值得注意。民粹主义不可避免地被定义为一种反精英主义的学说,而民族主义往往是由精英领导的。此外,民族主义通常嵌入在国家机构、法律、学校教科书、博物馆和地图中,可以成为一种国家意识形态,采取常规化的形式。相比之下,民粹主义政治在几乎无情地动员民众能量的情况下蓬勃发展。民族主义主要在两种情况下获得这种狂热的形式:当它分裂时,试图分裂国家,或者当它成为多数派时,攻击国内的少数派。否则,民族主义很容易以一种更安静的方式存在。

更新日期:2021-06-15
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