The vast literature on negative treatment of outgroups and favoritism toward ingroups provides many local insights but is largely fragmented, lacking an overarching framework that might provide a unified overview and guide conceptual integration. As a result, it remains unclear where different local perspectives conflict, how they may reinforce one another, and where they leave gaps in our knowledge of the phenomena. Our aim is to start constructing a framework to help remedy this situation. We first identify a few key ideas for creating a theoretical roadmap for this complex territory, namely the principles of etiological functionalism and the dual inheritance theory of human evolution. We show how a “molecular” approach to emotions fits into this picture, and use it to illuminate emotions that shape intergroup relations. Finally, we weave the pieces together into the beginnings of a systematic taxonomy of the emotions involved in social interactions, both hostile and friendly. While it is but a start, we have developed the argument in a way that illustrates how the foundational principles of our proposed framework can be extended to accommodate further cases.

关于外群体的消极对待和对内群体的偏爱的大量文献提供了许多本地见解，但在很大程度上是支离破碎的，缺乏可以提供统一概述和指导概念整合的总体框架。因此，目前尚不清楚不同的地方观点在哪里发生冲突，它们如何相互加强，以及它们在我们对现象的了解中留下了哪些空白。我们的目标是开始构建一个框架来帮助纠正这种情况。我们首先确定为这个复杂领域创建理论路线图的几个关键思想，即病因功能主义原则和人类进化的双重继承理论。我们展示了情绪的“分子”方法如何适应这张图片，并用它来阐明塑造群体间关系的情绪。最后，我们将这些碎片编织在一起，开始对社会互动中所涉及的情绪进行系统分类，无论是敌对的还是友好的。虽然这只是一个开始，但我们已经以一种说明如何扩展我们提议的框架的基本原则以适应更多情况的方式发展了这个论点。