The Carajás Basin, situated in the southeastern Amazonian Craton in northern Brazil, hosts a > 6 km thick pile of volcano-sedimentary rocks deposited from the Neoarchean to the early Paleoproterozoic eras (ca. 2.75–2.06 Ga). It is claimed that this basin started as a rift configuration in which volcanic and banded iron formation strata were deposited during the Neoarchean Era. However, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this basin through the Paleoproterozoic Era remains unexplored. Based on a sedimentological, stratigraphic, and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronological investigation of a marine to a fluvial succession of this basin, this study suggests that the Carajás Basin evolved in a foreland setting during the early Paleoproterozoic Era. Probably, the Carajás Foreland Basin was sedimented in the underfilled stage (ca. 2.5–2.3 Ga) by deep-marine strata (i.e., glaciogenic submarine fan deposits), likely from the Siderian–Rhyacian Serra Sul Formation. Subsequently, shallow-marine deposits of the Azul Formation were deposited in the filled stage (ca. 2.3–2.1 Ga), followed by deposition of the fluvial to alluvial deposits of the Águas Claras and Gorotire formations during the overfilled stage (ca. 2.1–1.9 Ga). The Azul and Águas Claras formations were supplied mainly by Meso- to Neoarchean source rocks, whereas Paleoproterozoic and Paleoarchean rocks played the role of a subordinate source of sediments. The youngest U–Pb age cluster, at ca. 2.27 Ga, is interpreted as its maximum depositional age. In terms of paleogeography, the occurrence of Rhyacian zircon grains in the Azul Formation deposits suggests, at least partially, a connection between the Carajás Protocontinent with the Bacajá Domain during that period. The integrated data corroborate the hypothesis that the foreland basin was formed in a scenario of collision between the Bacajá Domain and the Carajás Protocontinent during the Transamazonian Cycle. These dramatic upheavals are directly related to the configuration of the Columbia Supercontinent, which initially led to the emergence of the Carajás Foreland Basin, and soon after, the cratonization of proto-Amazonia

Carajás 盆地位于巴西北部亚马逊克拉通东南部，拥有超过 6 公里厚的火山沉积岩堆，沉积自新太古代至古元古代早期（约. 2.75–2.06 Ga）。据称，该盆地开始于裂谷构造，其中在新太古代时期沉积了火山和带状铁地层。然而，该盆地在古元古代时期的构造沉积演化仍未得到探索。基于对该盆地海相到河流序列的沉积学、地层学和 U-Pb 碎屑锆石年代学调查，这项研究表明卡拉哈斯盆地在古元古代早期的前陆环境中演化。可能 Carajás 前陆盆地是在未充填阶段沉积的（约. 2.5-2.3 Ga）来自深海地层（即冰川成因海底扇沉积），可能来自 Siderian-Rhyacian Serra Serra 组。随后，祖尔形成的浅海沉积物沉积在填充阶段（CA。2.3-2.1 Ga）的，其次是河流到阿瓜Claras和Gorotire地层的冲积层的沉积过程中的过度填充阶段（CA。2.1- 1.9 加仑）。Azul 和 Águas Claras 地层主要由中-新太古代烃源岩供应，而古元古代和古太古代岩则起次要沉积物来源的作用。最年轻的 U-Pb 年龄簇，大约在. 2.27 Ga，被解释为其最大沉积年龄。在古地理方面，Azul 组矿床中 Rhyacian 锆石颗粒的出现至少部分表明，在那个时期，Carajás 原始大陆与 Bacajá 域之间存在联系。综合数据证实了前陆盆地是在泛亚马孙周期期间 Bacajá 域和 Carajás 原始大陆之间碰撞的情景中形成的假设。这些戏剧性的剧变与哥伦比亚超大陆的构造直接相关，哥伦比亚超大陆的构造最初导致了卡拉哈斯前陆盆地的出现，不久之后，原始亚马逊河流域的克拉通化