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Duration of forest fertilization effects on streamwater chemistry in a catchment in central Sweden
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119450
Lars Lundin , Torbjörn Nilsson

Demands for forest biomass production for energy, construction and carbon storage purposes are increasing, and therefore measures to increase tree growth are required. One potential measure is nitrogen (N) fertilization, as N is usually the most growth-limiting nutrient in boreal forests and partly due to decreasing atmospheric N deposition in northern Europe in recent decades. However, N fertilization can have adverse effects, such as soil acidification and N leaching, particularly nitrate leaching via streamwater flow. To mitigate the acidification risk, dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) is added to N fertilizer boron (B) as increased tree growth hamper tree uptake of this essential micronutrient.

This study examined the effects of forest fertilization on streamwater chemistry in the 45 ha Swedish catchment Risfallet (RF), around 80% of which was treated with fertilizer. That was rather exceptional, as most previous catchments studied have had <50% treated area, which may give weaker treatment signals. A paired catchment method combined with the control area and calibration period technique was applied to evaluate leaching effects from forest fertilization.

Effects over 7.5 years were compared with previously reported initial effects in the first year, in order to assess the duration of fertilization effects on surface water. High excess outflow of N over five years was detected, with 20% of the applied amount leached and with nitrate dominating total nitrogen. Excess outflow of Ca and Mg was highest in the first year. Effects on pH were limited, with calculated untreated pH on 5.9 being on average 0.4 units lower during the first six months and then remaining at 0.2 units lower.

Recommended could be to mainly fertilize well-drained soil, avoid wet areas and open streams. Consider the hydrological conditions while weather would be more hazardous to foresee.



中文翻译:

瑞典中部集水区森林施肥对河流水化学影响的持续时间

用于能源、建筑和碳储存目的的森林生物质生产需求正在增加,因此需要采取措施促进树木生长。一种可能的措施是施氮 (N),因为 N 通常是北方森林中最能限制生长的养分,部分原因是近几十年来北欧的大气 N 沉积减少。然而,施氮肥会产生不利影响,例如土壤酸化和氮淋失,尤其是通过河流水流淋失硝酸盐。为了减轻酸化风险,将白云石(CaMg(CO 3 ) 2)添加到氮肥硼 (B) 中,因为树木生长的增加阻碍了树木对这种必需微量营养素的吸收。

这项研究检查了森林施肥对 45 公顷瑞典流域 Risfallet (RF) 河流水化学的影响,其中约 80% 用肥料处理。这是相当特殊的,因为之前研究的大多数集水区的处理面积都小于 50%,这可能会给出较弱的处理信号。应用配对集水法结合控制区和校准期技术来评估森林施肥的淋滤效果。

将超过 7.5 年的效果与先前报告的第一年的初始效果进行比较,以评估施肥对地表水的影响持续时间。检测到超过五年的 N 大量过量流出,20% 的施用量被浸出,硝酸盐在总氮中占主导地位。Ca和Mg的过量流出在第一年最高。对 pH 值的影响是有限的,计算的未处理 pH 值为 5.9,在前六个月平均低 0.4 个单位,然后保持低 0.2 个单位。

建议可以主要施肥排水良好的土壤,避免潮湿地区和开阔的溪流。考虑水文条件,而天气会更危险。

更新日期:2021-06-15
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