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Decline of parasitic and habitat-specialist species drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities
Oecologia ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04970-3
Yoan Fourcade 1, 2 , Sandra Åström 3 , Erik Öckinger 1
Affiliation  

The ongoing biodiversity crisis is characterised not only by an elevated extinction rate but also can lead to an increasing similarity of species assemblages. This is an issue of major concern, as it can reduce ecosystem resilience and functionality. Changes in the composition of pollinator communities have mainly been described in intensive agricultural lowland areas. In this context, using a replicated survey of historical and recent bumblebee diversity, we aimed here to test how documented changes in climate and land use influenced the potential homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities in southern Norway. We assessed the change in community composition in terms of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional (β-)diversity, and estimated the impact of various species traits in probabilities of species gains and losses. Overall, we found a strong reduction in functional diversity, but no change in phylogenetic diversity over time. The β-diversity decreased, especially at high elevations, and this pattern was consistent for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β-diversity. The spatial distribution, measured as the average site occupancy, decreased in habitat-specialist species. This was explained by both a higher risk of species loss and a lower probability of species gain for habitat-specialist and parasitic species than for generalist and social species. These findings demonstrate that a narrow niche breadth may contribute to a higher extinction risk in bumblebee species. This non-random impact of disturbance on species may lead to large-scale biotic homogenisation of communities, a pattern that can be detected by investigating biodiversity changes at different scales and across its multiple facets.



中文翻译:

寄生和栖息地专业物种的减少推动了亚高山熊蜂群落的分类、系统发育和功能同质化

持续的生物多样性危机的特点不仅是灭绝率升高,而且还可能导致物种组合的相似性增加。这是一个主要关注的问题,因为它会降低生态系统的弹性和功能。传粉者群落组成的变化主要发生在集约化农业低地地区。在此背景下,我们使用对历史和近期大黄蜂多样性的重复调查,旨在测试气候和土地利用的记录变化如何影响挪威南部亚高山大黄蜂群落的潜在同质化。我们在分类学、系统发育和功能 (β-) 多样性方面评估了群落组成的变化,并估计了各种物种特征对物种得失概率的影响。总体,我们发现功能多样性大大减少,但系统发育多样性没有随时间变化。β-多样性下降,尤其是在高海拔地区,这种模式与分类学、系统发育和功能性β-多样性一致。以平均场地占用率衡量的空间分布在栖息地专业物种中有所下降。这是由于栖息地专业物种和寄生物种的物种丧失风险更高,物种获得的可能性低于通才物种和社会物种。这些发现表明,狭窄的生态位宽度可能会导致大黄蜂物种的灭绝风险更高。这种干扰对物种的非随机影响可能导致群落的大规模生物同质化,

更新日期:2021-06-15
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