Aerobic composting is commonly used to dispose livestock manure and is an efficient way to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the effects of different quality substrates on the fate of ARGs were assessed during manure composting. Results showed that the total relative abundances of ARGs and intI1 in additive treatments were lower than that in control, and high quality treatment with low C/N ratio and lignin significantly decreased the relative abundance of tetW, ermB, ermC, sul1 and sul2 at the end of composting. Additionally, higher quality treatment reduced the relative abundances of some pathogens such as Actinomadura and Pusillimonas, and some thermotolerant degrading-related bacteria comprising Pseudogracilibacillus and Sinibacillus on day 42, probably owing to the change of composting properties in piles. Structural equation models (SEMs) further verified that the physiochemical properties of composting were the dominant contributor to the variations in ARGs and they could also indirectly impact ARGs by influencing bacterial community and the abundance of intI1. Overall, these findings indicated that additives with high quality reduced the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes of livestock manure compost.

好氧堆肥通常用于处理牲畜粪便，是减少抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的有效方法。在这里，在粪便堆肥过程中评估了不同质量底物对 ARG 命运的影响。结果表明，加成处理中ARGs和intI1的总相对丰度低于对照，低C/N比和木质素的优质处理显着降低了tetW、ermB、ermC、sul1和sul2在处理组的相对丰度。堆肥结束。此外，更高质量的处理降低了某些病原体的相对丰度，例如Actinomadura和在第 42 天，Pusillimonas和一些耐热降解相关细菌包括Pseudogracilibacillus和Sinibacillus，可能是由于堆肥特性的变化。结构方程模型 (SEM) 进一步证实，堆肥的理化特性是 ARG 变化的主要贡献者，它们还可以通过影响细菌群落和intI1的丰度间接影响 ARG 。总体而言，这些发现表明，高质量的添加剂减少了牲畜粪便堆肥中抗生素抗性基因的库。