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Politics as Negotiation: Changing Caste Norms in Rural India
Development and Change ( IF 3.458 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1111/dech.12654
Diego Maiorano , Suruchi Thapar‐Björkert , Hans Blomkvist

This article analyses processes of social change in rural India through an ethnographic analysis of everyday politics in two Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Its main argument is that even if overt resistance or ‘noisy’ collective action by the poor is rarely seen, a great deal of social change is occurring through a subtle ‘politics of negotiation’ whereby poor, low-caste agricultural labourers are questioning social norms that underpin their oppression. These negotiations are structured around labour relations and caste norms, which are so inextricably intertwined that a modification of one set of ‘rules’ necessarily has an impact on the other. The processes of democratization, the erosion of patron–client relations, the spread of education, an enduring agrarian crisis aggravated by climate change and the availability of alternative employment opportunities for the poor are chipping away at the dominance of India's rural elite. This continuous negotiating process between the (upper-caste) landed elite and the (lower-caste) labouring classes is non-confrontational and while it would be ambitious to suggest that it overturns the existing power relations, it nonetheless challenges and modifies them in a way that results in progressive social change.

中文翻译:

作为谈判的政治:改变印度农村的种姓规范

本文通过对印度安得拉邦和北方邦这两个邦的日常政治进行民族志分析,分析了印度农村的社会变革过程。它的主要论点是,即使很少看到穷人的公开抵抗或“吵闹”的集体行动,但通过微妙的“谈判政治”正在发生大量的社会变革,贫穷、低种姓的农业劳动者正在质疑社会规范这支撑着他们的压迫。这些谈判是围绕劳资关系和种姓规范构建的,它们紧密相连,以至于对一套“规则”的修改必然会对另一套“规则”产生影响。民主化进程、主顾关系的侵蚀、教育的普及、气候变化加剧了持久的农业危机,以及为穷人提供的替代就业机会正在削弱印度农村精英的主导地位。(上层种姓)土地精英和(下层种姓)劳动阶级之间的这种持续谈判过程是非对抗性的,虽然提出推翻现有权力关系是雄心勃勃的,但它仍然挑战并改变了它们导致渐进式社会变革的方式。
更新日期:2021-06-15
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