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Impact of frontline treatment approach on outcomes of myeloid blast phase CML
Journal of Hematology & Oncology ( IF 28.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01106-1
Kapil Saxena 1 , Elias Jabbour 2 , Ghayas Issa 2 , Koji Sasaki 2 , Farhad Ravandi 2 , Abhishek Maiti 2 , Naval Daver 2 , Tapan Kadia 2 , Courtney D DiNardo 2 , Marina Konopleva 2 , Jorge E Cortes 3 , Musa Yilmaz 2 , Kelly Chien 2 , Sherry Pierce 2 , Hagop Kantarjian 2 , Nicholas J Short 2
Affiliation  

The natural course of untreated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is progression to an aggressive blast phase. Even in the current era of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the outcomes of blast phase CML remain poor with no consensus frontline treatment approach. We retrospectively analyzed the response rates and survival outcomes of 104 consecutive patients with myeloid blast phase CML (CML-MBP) treated from 2000 to 2019 based on 4 different frontline treatment approaches: intensive chemotherapy (IC) + TKI (n = 20), hypomethylating agent (HMA) + TKI (n = 20), TKI alone (n = 56), or IC alone (n = 8). We also evaluated the impact of TKI selection and subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) on patient outcomes. Response rates were similar between patients treated with IC + TKI and HMA + TKI. Compared to treatment with TKI alone, treatment with IC/HMA + TKI resulted in a higher rate of complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (57.5% vs 33.9%, p < 0.05), a higher complete cytogenetic response rate (45% vs 10.7%, p < 0.001), and more patients proceeding to ASCT (32.5% vs 10.7%, p < 0.01). With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, long-term outcomes were similar between the IC + TKI and HMA + TKI groups. Combination therapy with IC/HMA + TKI was superior to therapy with TKI alone, including when analysis was limited to those treated with a 2nd/3rd-generation TKI. When using a 2nd/3rd-generation TKI, IC/HMA + TKI led to lower 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR; 44% vs 86%, p < 0.05) and superior 5-year event-free survival (EFS; 28% vs 0%, p < 0.05) and overall survival (OS; 34% vs 8%, p = 0.23) compared to TKI alone. Among patients who received IC/HMA + TKI, EFS and OS was superior for patients who received a 2nd/3rd generation TKI compared to those who received imatinib-based therapy. In a landmark analysis, 5-year OS was higher for patients who proceeded to ASCT (58% vs 22%, p = 0.12). Compared to patients treated with TKI alone for CML-MBP, treatment with IC + TKI or HMA + TKI led to improved response rates, CIR, EFS, and OS, particularly for patients who received a 2nd/3rd-generation TKI. Combination therapy with IC + TKI or HMA + TKI, rather than a TKI alone, should be considered the optimal treatment strategy for patients with CML-MBP.

中文翻译:

一线治疗方法对粒细胞急变期 CML 结局的影响

未经治疗的慢性髓性白血病 (CML) 的自然过程是进展到侵袭性急变期。即使在当前 BCR-ABL1 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 时代,急变期 CML 的结果仍然很差,没有一致的一线治疗方法。我们回顾性分析了 2000 年至 2019 年连续接受治疗的 104 例髓性原始细胞期 CML (CML-MBP) 患者的缓解率和生存结果,这些患者基于 4 种不同的一线治疗方法:强化化疗 (IC) + TKI (n = 20)、低甲基化代理 (HMA) + TKI (n = 20)、单独的 TKI (n = 56) 或单独的 IC (n = 8)。我们还评估了 TKI 选择和随后的同种异体干细胞移植 (ASCT) 对患者预后的影响。接受 IC ​​+ TKI 和 HMA + TKI 治疗的患者的反应率相似。与单独使用 TKI 治疗相比,IC/HMA + TKI 治疗导致更高的完全缓解率 (CR) 或不完全计数恢复 (CRi) 的 CR (57.5% vs 33.9%, p < 0.05),更高的完全细胞遗传学缓解率 (45% vs 10.7 %, p < 0.001),并且更多的患者进行 ASCT (32.5% vs 10.7%, p < 0.01)。中位随访时间为 6.7 年,IC + TKI 组和 HMA + TKI 组的长期结果相似。IC/HMA + TKI 的联合治疗优于单独使用 TKI 的治疗,包括当分析仅限于使用第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 治疗的患者时。使用第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 时,IC/HMA + TKI 可降低 5 年累积复发率(CIR;44% vs 86%,p < 0.05)和更高的 5 年无事件生存率(EFS;与单独使用 TKI 相比,28% vs 0%,p < 0.05)和总生存期(OS;34% vs 8%,p = 0.23)。在接受 IC/HMA + TKI 的患者中,接受第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 的患者的 EFS 和 OS 优于接受伊马替尼治疗的患者。在一项具有里程碑意义的分析中,进行 ASCT 的患者的 5 年 OS 更高(58% 对 22%,p = 0.12)。与单独使用 TKI 治疗 CML-MBP 的患者相比,使用 IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 治疗可提高缓解率、CIR、EFS 和 OS,特别是对于接受第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 的患者。IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 的联合治疗,而不是单独的 TKI,应被视为 CML-MBP 患者的最佳治疗策略。进行 ASCT 的患者的 5 年 OS 更高(58% 对 22%,p = 0.12)。与单独使用 TKI 治疗 CML-MBP 的患者相比,使用 IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 治疗可提高缓解率、CIR、EFS 和 OS,特别是对于接受第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 的患者。IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 的联合治疗,而不是单独的 TKI,应被视为 CML-MBP 患者的最佳治疗策略。进行 ASCT 的患者的 5 年 OS 更高(58% 对 22%,p = 0.12)。与单独使用 TKI 治疗 CML-MBP 的患者相比,使用 IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 治疗可提高缓解率、CIR、EFS 和 OS,特别是对于接受第 2 代/第 3​​ 代 TKI 的患者。IC + TKI 或 HMA + TKI 的联合治疗,而不是单独的 TKI,应被视为 CML-MBP 患者的最佳治疗策略。
更新日期:2021-06-15
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