Objectives

To investigate the associations for one-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body mass index, with psychological difficulties status in adolescents.

Methods

Norwegian 14-15-year-olds (n = 925) participated in data collection at two time points separated by one year. Psychological difficulties were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire and data from follow-up serve as the dependent variable. Cardiorespiratory fitness (the Andersen-test), muscular strength (Eurofit) and body mass index were measured. Change scores were calculated from the physical fitness variables and serve as independent variables in linear mixed effects models.

Results

There was no association between change in body mass index and psychological difficulties. Sex and socioeconomic status moderated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties. Immigrant status moderated the association between muscular strength and psychological difficulties. Subgroup results indicated inverse associations between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties among boys (b = −0.009; 95% CI = −0.015 to −0.003; p = .006); change in muscular strength and psychological difficulties among immigrants (b = −1.97; 95% CI = −4.03 to 0.09; p = .061). Subgroup results also indicated an association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties among girls in the highest socioeconomic group (b = 0.014; 95% CI = 0.003 to 0.025; p = .014).

Conclusions

The associations for different fitness components were dependent on different moderators. Possibly, this indicates that associations in different subgroups are mediated by different mechanisms. Moderated associations should be addressed in future investigations.

中文翻译：

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挪威青少年体质变化与心理困难状况的关系

目标

调查心肺适能、肌肉力量和体重指数一年变化与青少年心理困难状况的关联。

方法

挪威 14-15 岁（n = 925）在相隔一年的两个时间点参与了数据收集。通过优势和困难问卷评估心理困难，随访数据作为因变量。测量了心肺适能（Andersen 测试）、肌肉力量（Eurofit）和体重指数。变化分数是根据身体健康变量计算的，并作为线性混合效应模型中的自变量。

结果

体重指数的变化与心理困难之间没有关联。性别和社会经济地位调节了心肺健康与心理困难之间的关联。移民身份缓和了肌肉力量和心理困难之间的关联。亚组结果表明男孩的心肺健康变化与心理困难之间呈负相关（b = -0.009；95% CI = -0.015 至 -0.003；p = .006）；移民中肌肉力量和心理困难的变化（b = -1.97；95% CI = -4.03 至 0.09；p = .061）。亚组结果还表明，最高社会经济群体中女孩的心肺健康变化与心理困难之间存在关联（b = 0.014；95% CI = 0.003 至 0.025；p = .014）。

结论

不同健身成分的关联取决于不同的主持人。可能，这表明不同亚群中的关联是由不同的机制介导的。应在未来的调查中解决有节制的关联。