Evidence supports the positive influence of nature on population health, which has led to increased interest in nature-based interventions (NBIs). This scoping review explored how NBIs were currently being implemented to change adult health-related behaviours and outcomes linked with international public health indicators. Fifty-two of the 618 studies initially screened met the inclusion criteria. The review reinforced nature’s potential to improve multiple health and wellbeing outcomes relevant to environment and public health disciplines. However, NBI effects were typically small, assessed short-term, and often based on comparisons between natural and highly urbanised settings. Vague NBI descriptions, an absence of theoretical frameworks guiding NBI design, and limited exploration of differences by socio-demographic or clinical group limited the conclusions. Based on the review findings, future NBIs should include clear, full descriptions of the settings and intervention techniques. The theoretical framework(s) utilised in the design and evaluation process should also be specified. NBIs duration should also be systematically investigated to establish if doseresponse relationships differ by health outcomes to inform public health guidance on the “minimum duration for maximum benefit” for nature users. Another recommendation is for health behaviour change frameworks to be considered along with environment-health theories in NBI design and evaluation. This complementary approach could establish the full range of environment and health benefits associated with NBIs and better evidence the environmental, health and social impact.

证据支持自然对人口健康的积极影响，这导致人们对基于自然的干预 (NBI) 的兴趣增加。该范围界定审查探讨了目前如何实施 NBI 以改变与国际公共卫生指标相关的成人健康相关行为和结果。最初筛选的 618 项研究中有 52 项符合纳入标准。该审查加强了大自然在改善与环境和公共卫生学科相关的多种健康和福祉结果方面的潜力。然而，NBI 影响通常很小，评估是短期的，并且通常基于自然环境和高度城市化环境之间的比较。模糊的 NBI 描述，缺乏指导 NBI 设计的理论框架，社会人口统计学或临床群体对差异的有限探索限制了结论。根据审查结果，未来的 NBI 应包括对环境和干预技术的清晰、完整的描述。还应指定设计和评估过程中使用的理论框架。还应系统地调查 NBI 的持续时间，以确定剂量反应关系是否因健康结果而异，以便为自然使用者提供有关“获得最大利益的最短持续时间”的公共卫生指导。另一项建议是在 NBI 设计和评估中考虑健康行为改变框架以及环境-健康理论。这种互补的方法可以建立与 NBI 相关的全方位环境和健康益处，并更好地证明环境、