1. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n − 3 LC-PUFA) are essential micronutrients for optimal functioning of cellular metabolism and for somatic growth of all vertebrates including fishes. In addition, n − 3 LC-PUFA could also play a key role in response of fishes and other ectothermic vertebrates to changing temperatures.
2. An important, but largely overlooked, consequence of climate change is the reduced availability of dietary n − 3 LC-PUFA in aquatic food webs. Changes in availability of dietary n − 3 LC-PUFA have recently been proposed as a major driver of novel adaptations and diversification of consumers. Yet, there is only limited knowledge about how n − 3 LC-PUFA depletion in aquatic food webs will affect the performance of wild fishes.
3. Here we combine biochemistry and physiology at the cellular level with physiological and cognitive processes at the whole-animal level to test how ecologically relevant deprivation of n − 3 LC-PUFA affects performance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
4. We found that juvenile salmon had a limited capacity to maintain the fatty acid profile of both muscle and brain under an n − 3 LC-PUFA-deficient diet. Despite these findings, brain tissues showed remarkable functional stability in mitochondrial metabolism, and we found no effect of diet on learning ability. However, we found that mitochondrial efficiency in muscles and the somatic growth were reduced under an n − 3 LC-PUFA-deficient diet. Importantly, we discovered that the somatic growth of juvenile salmon within both treatments decreased with increasing rate of DHA synthesis and retention.
5. Since DHA is essential for functioning of cellular metabolism, which together with body size are traits closely related to fitness of wild fishes, we suggest that the trade-off between growth rate and accumulation of DHA could play a critical role in resilience of juvenile salmon to the ongoing rapid environmental change.

中文翻译：

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气候变化引起的饮食必需脂肪酸的缺乏会降低野生鲑鱼幼鱼的生长和线粒体效率

1. Omega-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸 ( n  − 3 LC-PUFA) 是细胞代谢最佳功能和所有脊椎动物（包括鱼类）体细胞生长的必需微量营养素。此外，n  - 3 LC-PUFA 还可以在鱼类和其他变温脊椎动物对温度变化的反应中发挥关键作用。
2. 气候变化的一个重要但在很大程度上被忽视的后果是 水生食物网中膳食n - 3 LC-PUFA 的供应减少。 最近有人提出饮食n - 3 LC-PUFA可用性的变化是消费者新适应和多样化的主要驱动力。然而，关于 水生食物网中n - 3 LC-PUFA 的消耗将如何影响野生鱼类的性能，我们的知识有限。
3. 在这里，我们的生理和认知过程的细胞水平在整体动物水平结合生物化学和生理学测试的剥夺如何生态相关ñ  - 3 LC-PUFA影响野生少年大西洋鲑鱼的性能大西洋鲑。
4. 我们发现幼鲑鱼在 缺乏n - 3 LC-PUFA 的饮食下维持肌肉和大脑的脂肪酸谱的能力有限。尽管有这些发现，但脑组织在线粒体代谢方面表现出显着的功能稳定性，我们发现饮食对学习能力没有影响。然而，我们发现在 缺乏n -3 LC-PUFA 的饮食下，肌肉中的线粒体效率和体细胞生长会降低。重要的是，我们发现两种处理中幼鲑鱼的体细胞生长随着 DHA 合成和保留率的增加而下降。
5. 由于 DHA 对细胞代谢的功能至关重要，而体型与体型是与野生鱼类的适应性密切相关的特征，因此我们建议，生长速度和 DHA 积累之间的权衡可能在幼鲑鱼的适应能力中发挥关键作用。持续快速的环境变化。