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Noise Dependence on the Number of Rays in Bidirectional Stochastic Ray Tracing with Photon Maps
Programming and Computer Software ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-12 , DOI: 10.1134/s036176882103004x
S. V. Ershov , E. D. Birukov , A. G. Voloboy , V. A. Galaktionov

Abstract

The classical Monte Carlo ray tracing is a powerful technique for modeling almost all effects in geometric optics; however, it can be prohibitively slow in many cases, such as generation of images seen by an objective or camera with a point aperture. For this reason, numerous modifications of this technique are used, among which is the bidirectional stochastic ray tracing with photon maps. A drawback of all stochastic methods is the undesirable noise. The noise level, i.e., the variance of the pixel luminance calculated for one iteration step, depends on various parameters, such as the number of rays traced from the light source and from the camera, the method of merging their trajectories, the integration sphere radius, etc. The choice of the optimal parameters makes it possible to minimize the noise level for the given computation time. This is the topic of the current paper. It is shown that the variance of the pixel luminance is the sum of three functions scaled by the reciprocal of the number of rays tracedfrom the light source and from the camera, where the functions themselves are independent on the number of rays. Therefore, given these functions, one can predict the noise for any number of rays and thus find the optimal set of parameters. The calculation of these functions based on the data obtained by ray tracing is a nontrivial problem. The paper proposes a practical method for their calculation, and demonstrates that a single such calculation is able to predict the variance for an arbitrary number of rays. Therefore, the noise can be minimized due to the optimal choice of the number of rays.



中文翻译:

使用光子贴图的双向随机光线追踪中光线数量的噪声依赖性

摘要

经典的蒙特卡罗光线追踪是一种强大的技术,可以模拟几何光学中的几乎所有效果;然而,在许多情况下,它可能会非常慢,例如生成由具有点光圈的物镜或相机看到的图像。出于这个原因,对该技术进行了大量修改,其中包括使用光子贴图的双向随机光线追踪。所有随机方法的一个缺点是不受欢迎的噪音。噪声水平,即为一个迭代步骤计算的像素亮度的方差,取决于各种参数,例如从光源和相机追踪的光线数量、合并它们的轨迹的方法、积分球半径等。最佳参数的选择使得在给定的计算时间内最小化噪声水平成为可能。这是当前论文的主题。结果表明,像素亮度的方差是三个函数的总和,这些函数由从光源和相机追踪的光线数量的倒数缩放,其中函数本身与光线数量无关。因此,给定这些函数,就可以预测任意数量射线的噪声,从而找到最佳参数集。基于光线追踪获得的数据计算这些函数是一个不平凡的问题。该论文提出了一种实用的计算方法,并证明了单个这样的计算能够预测任意数量射线的方差。因此,由于光线数量的最佳选择,噪声可以被最小化。结果表明,像素亮度的方差是三个函数的总和,这些函数由从光源和相机追踪的光线数量的倒数缩放,其中函数本身与光线数量无关。因此,给定这些函数,就可以预测任意数量射线的噪声,从而找到最佳参数集。基于光线追踪获得的数据计算这些函数是一个不平凡的问题。该论文提出了一种实用的计算方法,并证明了单个这样的计算能够预测任意数量射线的方差。因此,由于光线数量的最佳选择,噪声可以被最小化。结果表明,像素亮度的方差是三个函数的总和,这些函数由从光源和相机追踪的光线数量的倒数缩放,其中函数本身与光线数量无关。因此,给定这些函数,就可以预测任意数量射线的噪声,从而找到最佳参数集。基于光线追踪获得的数据计算这些函数是一个不平凡的问题。该论文提出了一种实用的计算方法,并证明了单个这样的计算能够预测任意数量射线的方差。因此,由于光线数量的最佳选择,噪声可以被最小化。

更新日期:2021-06-13
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