Deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon have been steadily increasing since 2007. Recent government policy, the projected growth of agriculture, and the expansion of the cattle industry are expected to further pressure primates within the Amazon basin. In this study, we examined the anthropogenic impact on the widely distributed black-headed night monkey, Aotus nigriceps, whose distribution and population status have yet to be assessed. We (1) modeled potential species distribution in A. nigriceps, (2) estimated the impact of habitat loss on population trends, and (3) highlight landscape-based conservation actions that maximize the potential for their long-term sustainability. We found the black-headed night monkey to be restricted by several biotic and environmental factors including forest cover, isothermality, precipitation, temperature, and elevation. Over the last two decades, over 132,908 km² of tree cover (18%) has been lost within their currently recognized range based on satellite imagery. Based on a balance training omission, predicted area, and threshold values (BPTP), suitable habitat was only 67% (1,069,948 km²) of their hypothesized range, a loss of 16.5% from 2000, with just nearly a third of suitable habitat currently within protected areas. Over the last two decades, an estimated minimum 1.6 million individuals have been lost due to loss of suitable habitat. Projected deforestation rates equate to an additional loss of 94,458 km² of suitable habitat over the next decade. Although classified as a species of Least Concern, we suggest that A. nigriceps may likely be more at risk than previously described. The future impact of the continued expansion of monoculture crops, cattle ranching, and wildfires is still unknown. However, we outline several steps to ensure the long-term viability of this nocturnal primate and other sympatric species throughout the Amazon Basin.

自 2007 年以来，巴西亚马逊地区的森林砍伐率一直在稳步上升。近期的政府政策、预计的农业增长以及养牛业的扩张预计将进一步给亚马逊流域内的灵长类动物带来压力。在这项研究中，我们研究了人为对广泛分布的黑头夜猴Aotus nigriceps 的影响，其分布和种群状况尚待评估。我们 (1) 模拟了A. nigriceps 中的潜在物种分布, (2) 估计栖息地丧失对人口趋势的影响，以及 (3) 强调以景观为基础的保护行动，最大限度地发挥其长期可持续性的潜力。我们发现黑头夜猴受到多种生物和环境因素的限制，包括森林覆盖、等温性、降水、温度和海拔。在过去的二十年里，超过 132,908 公里²的树木覆盖（18%）已经在目前基于卫星图像的识别范围内消失了。基于平衡训练遗漏、预测面积和阈值（BPTP），适宜栖息地仅为 67%（1,069,948 km ²) 的假设范围，比 2000 年减少了 16.5%，目前只有近三分之一的合适栖息地位于保护区内。在过去的二十年里，由于失去合适的栖息地，估计至少有 160 万人丧生。预计毁林率等同于的94458公里额外损失²适宜人居的未来十年。尽管被归类为最不受关注的物种，但我们认为黑头曲霉的风险可能比之前描述的更高。单一作物种植、养牛场和野火的持续扩张对未来的影响仍然未知。然而，我们概述了几个步骤，以确保这种夜间活动的灵长类动物和其他同域物种在整个亚马逊盆地的长期生存能力。