Abstract

Petroleum, contains proportions of contaminants such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals, such as nickel, iron, copper, sodium, and vanadium. Particularly, contaminants containing sulfur cause problems during handling, transportation, and the use of the their derivatives. This work had the goal of cracking the heavy crude oil molecules by reacting these molecules with tetralin and simultaneously promoting the separation of the low-mass and high-mass fractions, aiming to obtain a product of high value. The process to be studied is Reactive Molecular Distillation (RMD). It was developed at the laboratory LDPS-FEQ-UNCAMP, in order to perform the molecular distillation with chemical reaction using tetralin, which, at high temperatures (210 to 330 °C) and high vacuum (10-3 mmHg), suffers the cracking of molecules, providing protons that help the disaggregation of asphaltene; consequently, the residues will suffer physicochemical alterations and, therefore, the reduction in the amount of sulfur in the oil waste. The sample to be studied is a petroleum waste, named JU 560 °C. This oil is a residue from the vaccuum column of an oil distillery. With the processing of petroleum waste JU 560 °C with 5% of tetralin, a reduction of 49% in the sulfur content of the original sample was achieved.

摘要

石油包含一定比例的污染物，如硫、氮、氧和金属，如镍、铁、铜、钠和钒。特别是，含硫污染物在其衍生物的处理、运输和使用过程中会引起问题。这项工作的目标是通过使重质原油分子与四氢萘反应来裂解重质原油分子，同时促进低质量和高质量馏分的分离，旨在获得高价值的产品。要研究的过程是反应性分子蒸馏 (RMD)。它是在实验室开发的 LDPS-FEQ-UNCAMP，为了使用四氢萘进行化学反应的分子蒸馏，在高温（210 至 330°C）和高真空（10-3 mmHg）下，会发生裂化分子，提供有助于沥青质分解的质子；因此，残留物会发生物理化学变化，从而减少废油中的硫含量。要研究的样品是石油废物，命名为 JU 560 °C。这种油是来自油厂真空塔的残余物。用 5% 的四氢化萘处理石油废物 JU 560 °C，使原始样品的硫含量降低了 49%。