During a severe infection such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the level of almost all analytes can change, presenting a correlation with disease severity and survival; however, a biomarker cannot be translated into clinical practice for treatment guidance until it is proven to have a significant impact. Several studies have documented the association between COVID-19 severity and circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6, and the accuracy of the CRP level in predicting treatment responses has been evaluated. Moreover, promising findings on prothrombin and D-dimer have been reported. However, the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers in COVID-19 is far from proven. The burst of data generation during this pandemic has led to the publication of numerous studies with several notable drawbacks, weakening the strength of their findings. We provide an overview of the key findings of studies on biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment response in COVID-19 patients. We also highlight the main drawbacks of these studies that have limited the clinical use of these biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 患者预后和治疗反应的生物标志物。

在 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 等严重感染期间，几乎所有分析物的水平都会发生变化，与疾病严重程度和存活率相关；然而，在证明具有显着影响之前，生物标志物无法转化为临床实践以指导治疗。多项研究记录了 COVID-19 严重程度与循环 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 和白细胞介素 6 水平之间的关联，并且评估了 CRP 水平在预测治疗反应方面的准确性。此外，已经报道了关于凝血酶原和 D-二聚体的有希望的发现。然而，这些生物标志物在 COVID-19 中的临床实用性还远未得到证实。在这场大流行期间，大量数据生成导致发表了许多具有几个显着缺点的研究，削弱了他们发现的力量。我们概述了有关 COVID-19 患者预后和治疗反应的生物标志物研究的主要发现。我们还强调了这些研究的主要缺点，这些缺点限制了这些生物标志物的临床使用。