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Chitosan and salicylic acid regulate morpho-physiological and phytochemical parameters and improve water-deficit tolerance in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.)
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s11738-021-03264-8
Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj , Mahdi Behnamian , Asadollah Ahmadikhah , Vahid Shariati , Sara Dezhsetan

Plant growth and yield are affected often by stress conditions including drought, which is the most important abiotic stress to reduce crop production worldwide. Milk thistle is one of the momentous medicinal crops with high potential as a multiple-purpose plant for low-efficient cultivation systems in the arid and semiarid areas. In this experiment, the effect of Chitosan (100 and 200 mg/l) and salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM) was investigated on plant traits (morphological, physiological, and phytochemical) under different levels of water deficit (Field capacity (F.C), 70% F.C, 40% F.C). Data were recorded in a time course (3, 7, 14, and 21 days after stress) and subjected to statistical analyses. According to the results, morphological, physiological, and phytochemical traits of the plant were significantly affected by water deficit, elicitors, and stress durations. Comparing the stress levels showed that severe water stress (40% F.C) significantly reduced growth and yield, while mild stress (70% F.C) did not show significant difference to non-stress treatment (F.C). The results showed that both chitosan and salicylic acid elicitors increased growth and yield, stress tolerance of plants under water-deficit conditions, and promotion of flavonoids, but chitosan has a more prominent effect. Under severe stress conditions, chitosan increased the yield of fresh and dry weight by 76.4% and 72.4%, but salicylic acid increased fresh weight and dry weight by 27.1% and 58.8%, respectively. Conversely, salicylic acid resulted in a 77.8% increase in grain yield, while that of chitosan was 75.0%. On the other hand, the content of silybin A in treatments of salicylic acid and chitosan, was increased by 2.9 and 9.2 mg/g, respectively, while the content of silybin B was increased by 6.48 and 9.48 mg/g, respectively. The role of the elicitors in reducing the negative effects of water stress and plant tolerance is due to stimulation of osmoregulation through proline and soluble sugar accumulation, reduction of malondialdehyde level, and production of antioxidant enzymes.



中文翻译:

壳聚糖和水杨酸调节形态生理学和植物化学参数并提高水飞蓟 (Silybum marianum L.) 的缺水耐受性

植物生长和产量经常受到包括干旱在内的胁迫条件的影响,干旱是全球减少作物产量的最重要的非生物胁迫。水飞蓟是一种重要的药用作物,具有作为干旱和半干旱地区低效栽培系统的多用途植物的潜力。在本实验中,研究了壳聚糖(100 和 200 毫克/升)和水杨酸(0.5 和 1 mM)在不同水分亏缺水平(田间容量 (FC))下对植物性状(形态、生理和植物化学)的影响, 70% FC, 40% FC)。在一个时间过程中(压力后 3、7、14 和 21 天)记录数据并进行统计分析。结果表明,植物的形态、生理和植物化学性状受水分亏缺、诱导子、和压力持续时间。比较胁迫水平表明,严重的水分胁迫(40% FC)显着降低了生长和产量,而轻度胁迫(70% FC)与非胁迫处理(FC)没有显着差异。结果表明,壳聚糖和水杨酸诱导剂均能提高植物的生长和产量,提高植物在缺水条件下的抗逆性,促进黄酮类化合物的生长,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 比较胁迫水平表明,严重的水分胁迫(40% FC)显着降低了生长和产量,而轻度胁迫(70% FC)与非胁迫处理(FC)没有显着差异。结果表明,壳聚糖和水杨酸诱导剂均能提高植物的生长和产量,提高植物在缺水条件下的抗逆性,促进黄酮类化合物的生长,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 比较胁迫水平表明,严重的水分胁迫(40% FC)显着降低了生长和产量,而轻度胁迫(70% FC)与非胁迫处理(FC)没有显着差异。结果表明,壳聚糖和水杨酸诱导剂均能提高植物的生长和产量,提高植物在缺水条件下的抗逆性,促进黄酮类化合物的生长,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 而轻度应激(70% FC)与非应激治疗(FC)没有显着差异。结果表明,壳聚糖和水杨酸诱导剂均能提高植物的生长和产量,提高植物在缺水条件下的抗逆性,促进黄酮类化合物的生长,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 而轻度应激(70% FC)与非应激治疗(FC)没有显着差异。结果表明,壳聚糖和水杨酸诱导剂均能提高植物的生长和产量,提高植物在缺水条件下的抗逆性,促进黄酮类化合物的产生,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 植物在缺水条件下的逆境耐受性,促进黄酮类化合物,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 植物在缺水条件下的逆境耐受性,促进黄酮类化合物,但壳聚糖的作用更为突出。在严重胁迫条件下,壳聚糖使鲜重和干重的产量分别增加了 76.4% 和 72.4%,而水杨酸分别使鲜重和干重的产量增加了 27.1% 和 58.8%。相反,水杨酸导致谷物产量增加 77.8%,而壳聚糖增加 75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 而壳聚糖为75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量 而壳聚糖为75.0%。另一方面,水飞蓟宾的含量A在水杨酸和壳聚糖处理中分别增加了2.9和9.2mg/g,而水飞蓟宾B的含量分别增加了6.48和9.48mg/g。诱导剂在减少水分胁迫和植物耐受性的负面影响方面的作用是由于脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累、丙二醛水平降低和抗氧化酶的产生刺激渗透调节。

更新日期:2021-06-13
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