Organisational injustice, betrayal, moral transgression, wrongdoing, or breach of deeply held values and beliefs can manifest in frontline staff as Post Traumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED), Moral Injury and/or PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). PTED and Moral Injury are fundamentally the same and could not be discriminated from each other. The constructs of PTED and Moral Injury can be assimilated into that of PTSD, rather than exist as comorbid conditions. Chronic embitterment is of clinical significance and often a symptom of PTSD, which may be inextricably linked to the traumatic incident(s) and often expressed as persistent blame of self or others, in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, D2 and D3. Chronic embitterment and moral pain can maintain PTSD symptoms.

组织不公正、背叛、道德违规、不法行为或违反根深蒂固的价值观和信仰可能会在一线员工中表现为创伤后痛苦障碍 (PTED)、精神伤害和/或 PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）。PTED和Moral Injury本质上是一样的，不能区别对待。PTED 和道德伤害的结构可以被同化为 PTSD 的结构，而不是作为共病条件存在。慢性苦恼具有临床意义，通常是 PTSD 的一种症状，在 DSM-5 PTSD、D2 和 D3 诊断标准中，这可能与创伤事件密不可分，并且通常表现为对自己或他人的持续责备。慢性痛苦和道德痛苦可以维持 PTSD 症状。