Chloropicrin (CP) controls soil-borne plant diseases caused by pathogenic microbes, increases crop yield, but has a long-term inhibitory effect on beneficial soil microorganisms. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of biofumigation material fresh chicken manure (FCM) on soil microorganisms, and the duration of those effects in this experiment. Our results showed that in the laboratory, FCM significantly increased substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of soil microorganisms by 2.2–3.2 times at 80 d compared to the control, however, CP significantly inhibited the SIR of soil microorganisms. FCM and CP increased NH4+-N concentration within 40 days which then returned to the control level. FCM increased NO3--N by 2.82–5.78 times by 80 days, compared with the control, while the concentration of NO3--N in the CP treatment was not significantly different from the control at the 80 day. Although in the laboratory FCM inhibited the relative abundance of 16 S rRNA and the nitrogen cycle functional genes AOA amoA, AOB amoA, nirK and nosZ over a 40-day period, the taxonomic diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in the FCM treatment were restored to unfumigated level within 90 days in the field. However, CP treatment has a strong inhibitory effect on soil microorganisms after 90 days. Importantly, the relative abundance of some beneficial microorganisms that control soil-borne pathogenic microbes or degrade pollutants increased significantly in FCM, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces bacterial genera and Chaetomium and Mycothermus fungal genera. Noteworthy, like CP, FCM still had a strong inhibitory effect on Fusarium at 90 d. Our results indicated that FCM not only increased the content of inorganic nitrogen and improved the respiration rate of soil microorganisms, but it also shortened the recovery time of beneficial soil microorganisms and increased taxonomic diversity. Our previous reports showed that FCM and CP treatments had the same effect in disease control and crop growth. Combined with the results of this experiment, we believe that FCM has the potential to replace CP, which would eliminate CP's detrimental environmental impact, improve farmer safety and promote sustainable crop production.

氯化苦（CP）控制由病原微生物引起的土传植物病害，提高作物产量，但对土壤有益微生物有长期抑制作用。因此，我们在本实验中评估了生物熏蒸材料新鲜鸡粪 (FCM) 对土壤微生物的影响，以及这些影响的持续时间。我们的结果表明，在实验室中，与对照相比，FCM 在 80 d 时显着增加了土壤微生物的底物诱导呼吸（SIR）2.2-3.2 倍，然而，CP 显着抑制了土壤微生物的 SIR。FCM 和 CP 在 40 天内增加了 NH4+-N 浓度，然后返回到控制水平。与对照相比，FCM 在 80 天内将 NO3--N 增加了 2.82-5.78 倍，而在80天时，CP处理中NO3--N的浓度与对照无显着差异。虽然在实验室中 FCM 抑制了 16 S rRNA 的相对丰度和氮循环功能基因 AOAamoA、AOB amoA、nirK和nosZ在 40 天内，FCM 处理中土壤细菌和真菌的分类多样性在田间 90 天内恢复到未熏蒸的水平。但CP处理90天后对土壤微生物有很强的抑制作用。重要的是，一些有益微生物对照土壤传播的病原微生物或降解污染物在FCM显著增加，其中包括的相对丰度芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌属和链霉菌属的细菌属和毛壳菌和Mycothermus真菌属。值得注意的是，与 CP 一样，FCM 对镰刀菌在 90 d。我们的结果表明，FCM不仅增加了无机氮的含量，提高了土壤微生物的呼吸速率，而且缩短了有益土壤微生物的恢复时间，增加了分类多样性。我们之前的报告表明，FCM 和 CP 处理在疾病控制和作物生长方面具有相同的效果。结合本实验的结果，我们认为 FCM 具有替代 CP 的潜力，这将消除 CP 对环境的不利影响，提高农民安全并促进可持续的作物生产。