Objective

African American youths in the United States grow up in a society with a long, pervasive, and living history of interpersonal and institutional racism. This study examined whether race-related stressors (awareness and experiences of racism) and resources for resilience (racial–ethnic connectedness and perceptions of embedded achievement) were associated with emotional health, conduct problems, and academic investment among African American early adolescents. Embedded achievement is the belief that achievement is a part of one’s racial or ethnic group identity.

Method

Participants were recruited from an urban school and youth club (N = 75, mean age = 11.6 years, 71% male participants). Structured interviews were administered to youths.

Results

Adjusting for age and sex, racial–ethnic connectedness and embedded achievement were associated with fewer emotional problems and conduct problems. In addition, embedded achievement was associated with greater academic investment. Racial–ethnic connectedness modified associations between awareness and experiences of racism and emotional problems; racism was associated with more emotional problems, but only among youths with lower levels of racial–ethnic connectedness. Youths’ perceptions of embedded achievement modified an association between experiences of racism and conduct problems; experiences of racism were associated with more conduct problems, but only among youths with lower perceptions of embedded achievement.

Conclusion

Race-related resources for resilience appear to promote emotional, behavioral, and academic well-being among African American youths and to confer protection when youths are confronted with the stress and adversity of racism. Health professionals can advocate for policies and practices to combat racism and to foster racial pride and connectedness among youths of color.

中文翻译：

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与种族相关的压力源和恢复力资源：与非裔美国早期青少年的情绪健康、行为问题和学术投资的关联

客观的

美国的非裔美国青年成长在一个人际和制度种族主义长期、普遍且鲜活的社会中。本研究探讨了与种族相关的压力源（对种族主义的认识和经历）和复原力资源（种族-族裔联系和对内在成就的看法）是否与非裔美国青少年早期的情绪健康、行为问题和学术投资有关。内在成就是指相信成就是一个人的种族或族裔群体身份的一部分。

方法

参与者是从城市学校和青年俱乐部招募的（N = 75，平均年龄 = 11.6 岁，71% 为男性参与者）。对青少年进行了结构化访谈。

结果

调整年龄和性别、种族联系和内在成就与较少的情绪问题和行为问题相关。此外，嵌入式成就与更大的学术投资相关。种族-族裔联系改变了种族主义意识和经历以及情感问题之间的关联；种族主义与更多的情感问题有关，但仅限于种族联系程度较低的年轻人。青少年对内在成就的看法改变了种族主义经历与行为问题之间的联系；遭受过种族主义的经历与更多的行为问题有关，但仅限于对内在成就看法较低的年轻人。

结论

与种族相关的复原力资源似乎可以促进非裔美国青年的情感、行为和学业福祉，并在青年面临种族主义的压力和逆境时提供保护。卫生专业人员可以倡导打击种族主义并培养有色人种青少年的种族自豪感和联系的政策和做法。