Adverse childhood experiences, which include child maltreatment, are a major public health issue nationally. Child maltreatment has been linked to poorer cognitive functioning, which can start in childhood and persist into adulthood. However, studies examining the potential disparities by gender and race/ethnicity are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the association between child maltreatment and memory performance. Data were obtained from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,624). Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and child maltreatment score and memory. Models were stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity. Men who were exposed to sexual abuse, neglect and two or three child maltreatment types scored one to three points lower (β = –1.44; 95% CI: –2.83, –0.06; β = –2.41; 95% CI: –3.75, –1.08; β = –3.35; 95% CI: –5.33, –1.37; β = –2.31; 95% CI: –3.75, –0.86) in memory performance compared to men who did not report sexual abuse, neglect, or child maltreatment, respectively. Black respondents who were exposed to sexual abuse scored two points lower (β = –1.62; 95% CI: –2.80, –0.44) in memory performance compared to Black respondents who did not report sexual abuse. Among Other race and Hispanic respondents, those who reported neglect scored four points lower (β = –4.06; 95% CI: –6.47, –1.66; β = –4.15; 95% CI: –5.99, –2.30) in memory performance, respectively, compared to their counterparts who did not report neglect. Gender- and racial/ethnic-responsive memory performance interventions addressing child maltreatment may be beneficial for affected populations.

不良的童年经历，包括虐待儿童，是全国范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题。虐待儿童与认知功能较差有关，这种情况可能从童年开始并持续到成年。然而，缺乏针对性别和种族/民族潜在差异的研究。本研究的目的是评估儿童虐待与记忆表现之间关系的性别和种族/民族差异。数据来自全国青少年至成人健康纵向研究的第三波和第四波（N = 11,624）。使用加权多元线性回归模型来评估性虐待、身体虐待、忽视以及儿童虐待评分和记忆之间的关联。模型按性别、种族和民族进行分层。遭受性虐待、忽视和两种或三种儿童虐待类型的男性得分低一到三分（β = –1.44；95% CI：–2.83，–0.06；β = –2.41；95% CI：–3.75，与没有报告性虐待、忽视或儿童的男性相比，记忆表现的 –1.08；β = –3.35；95% CI：–5.33，–1.37；β = –2.31；95% CI：–3.75，–0.86虐待，分别。与没有报告性虐待的黑人受访者相比，遭受性虐待的黑人受访者的记忆表现得分低两分（β = –1.62；95% CI：–2.80，–0.44）。在其他种族和西班牙裔受访者中，那些报告被忽视的人的记忆表现得分低四分（β = –4.06；95% CI：–6.47，–1.66；β = –4.15；95% CI：–5.99，–2.30），分别与未报告忽视的同行进行比较。针对儿童虐待问题的针对性别和种族/民族的记忆表现干预措施可能对受影响人群有益。