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Soil biotic effects and competition; What are the mechanisms behind being a successful invader?
Pedobiologia ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2021.150749
Sarah E. Bates , Elizabeth M. Wandrag , Luke G. Barrett , Peter H. Thrall , Richard P. Duncan

The global threat of plant invasions to native ecosystems mandates an understanding of the mechanisms that determine invasion success. While some exotic species establish, spread and impact native ecosystems, others establish with little or no measurable impact. Competitive ability has been highlighted as a key mechanism influencing invasion success and impact, but there is growing evidence that interactions between plants and soil biota may also be important. In particular, escape from natural enemies during the early stages of establishment may give exotic species an advantage over native species subject to their own natural enemies in the soil. Here, we evaluated whether the invasion success and impact of exotic grass species could be explained by competitive superiority over resident native species, advantages gained from the positive effects of native soil communities, or both. We assessed the competitive abilities of six grass species that vary in their invasion success relative to three widespread native grasses, quantified the effects of native soil microbial communities on the performance of both native and exotic grass species, and determined whether there was an interaction between competitive and soil effects. Overall, we found that exotic species were stronger competitors than natives and that native soil effects were weak and did not predict invasiveness. Differences in species relative competitive abilities also did not correlate with invasiveness but demonstrate how some exotic species could outcompete natives and suppress their growth during the invasion process.



中文翻译:

土壤生物效应和竞争;成为成功入侵者背后的机制是什么?

植物入侵对本地生态系统的全球威胁要求了解决定入侵成功的机制。虽然一些外来物种建立、传播和影响本地生态系统,但其他物种的建立几乎没有或没有可衡量的影响。竞争能力已被强调为影响入侵成功和影响的关键机制,但越来越多的证据表明植物与土壤生物群之间的相互作用也可能很重要。特别是,在建立的早期阶段逃离天敌可能使外来物种比本地物种更有优势,这些物种受土壤中自身天敌的影响。在这里,我们评估了外来草种的入侵成功和影响是否可以通过对本地本地物种的竞争优势来解释,从本地土壤群落的积极影响中获得的优势,或两者兼而有之。我们评估了相对于三种广泛分布的本地草的入侵成功率不同的六种草的竞争能力,量化了本地土壤微生物群落对本地和外来草的性能的影响,并确定了竞争之间是否存在相互作用。和土壤影响。总体而言,我们发现外来物种比本地物种更具竞争力,并且本地土壤影响较弱,无法预测入侵性。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。我们评估了相对于三种广泛分布的本地草的入侵成功率不同的六种草的竞争能力,量化了本地土壤微生物群落对本地和外来草的性能的影响,并确定了竞争之间是否存在相互作用。和土壤影响。总体而言,我们发现外来物种比本地物种更具竞争力,并且本地土壤影响较弱,无法预测入侵性。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。我们评估了相对于三种广泛分布的本地草的入侵成功率不同的六种草的竞争能力,量化了本地土壤微生物群落对本地和外来草的性能的影响,并确定了竞争之间是否存在相互作用。和土壤影响。总体而言,我们发现外来物种比本地物种更具竞争力,并且本地土壤影响较弱,无法预测入侵性。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。量化了本地土壤微生物群落对本地和外来草种性能的影响,并确定了竞争和土壤影响之间是否存在相互作用。总体而言,我们发现外来物种比本地物种更具竞争力,并且本地土壤影响较弱,无法预测入侵性。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。量化了本地土壤微生物群落对本地和外来草种性能的影响,并确定了竞争和土壤影响之间是否存在相互作用。总体而言,我们发现外来物种比本地物种更具竞争力,并且本地土壤影响较弱,无法预测入侵性。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。我们发现外来物种是比本地物种更强的竞争者,并且本地土壤的影响很弱,不能预测入侵。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。我们发现外来物种是比本地物种更强的竞争者,并且本地土壤的影响很弱,不能预测入侵。物种相对竞争能力的差异也与入侵无关,但表明一些外来物种如何在入侵过程中胜过本地物种并抑制其生长。

更新日期:2021-06-23
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