Conservation becomes increasingly complex as climate change exacerbates the multitude of stressors that organisms face. To meet this challenge, multiple stressor research is rapidly expanding, and the majority of this work has highlighted the deleterious effects of stressor interactions. However, there is a growing body of research documenting cross-protection between stressors, whereby exposure to a priming stressor heightens resilience to a second stressor of a different nature. Understanding cross-protection interactions is key to avoiding unrealistic ‘blanket’ conservation approaches, which aim to eliminate all forms of stress. But, a lack of synthesis of cross-protection interactions presents a barrier to integrating these protective benefits into conservation actions. To remedy this, we performed a review of cross-protection interactions among biotic and abiotic stressors within a conservation framework. A total of 66 publications were identified, spanning a diverse array of stressor combinations and taxonomic groups. We found that cross-protection occurs in response to naturally co-occurring stressors, as well as novel, anthropogenic stressors, suggesting that cross-protection may act as a ‘pre-adaptation’ to a changing world. Cross-protection interactions occurred in response to both biotic and abiotic stressors, but abiotic stressors have received far more investigation. Similarly, cross-protection interactions were present in a diverse array of taxa, but several taxonomic groups (e.g. mammals, birds and amphibians) were underrepresented. We conclude by providing an overview of how cross-protection interactions can be integrated into conservation and management actions and discuss how future research in this field may be directed to improve our understanding of how cross-protection may shield animals from global change.

中文翻译：

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利用交叉保护压力源相互作用的潜力进行保护：综述

随着气候变化加剧了生物体面临的众多压力，保护变得越来越复杂。为了应对这一挑战，多重压力源研究正在迅速扩大，并且这项工作的大部分都强调了压力源相互作用的有害影响。然而，越来越多的研究记录了压力源之间的交叉保护，即接触启动压力源会增强对不同性质的第二种压力源的抵御能力。了解交叉保护相互作用是避免不切实际的“一揽子”保护方法的关键，该方法旨在消除所有形式的压力。但是，缺乏交叉保护相互作用的综合，为将这些保护效益融入保护行动带来了障碍。为了解决这个问题，我们对保护框架内生物和非生物应激源之间的交叉保护相互作用进行了审查。总共确定了 66 篇出版物，涵盖各种压力源组合和分类组。我们发现交叉保护是针对自然同时发生的压力源以及新的人为压力源而发生的，这表明交叉保护可能充当对不断变化的世界的“预适应”。交叉保护相互作用是针对生物和非生物应激源的反应而发生的，但非生物应激源受到了更多的研究。同样，交叉保护相互作用存在于多种类群中，但一些分类群（例如哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物）的代表性不足。最后，我们概述了如何将交叉保护相互作用纳入保护和管理行动，并讨论如何指导该领域的未来研究，以提高我们对交叉保护如何保护动物免受全球变化影响的理解。