Adaptive emotion regulation begins with infants operating jointly with their parents to regulate their emotions, which fosters the development of independent regulation. Little is known about when or how this transition occurs, or the impact of factors such as parental availability or premature birth status. The current study examined the use of self-soothing, attentional distraction, and dyadic regulation in full-term and healthy very-low-birthweight (VLBW) preterm infant-mother dyads at 5 ½, 12, and 18 months of age. At 5 ½ months, dyads participated in the Still-Face procedure. At 12 and 18 months, dyads participated in two free-play interactions, a puzzle task, and an interference task. Emotion regulation behaviors were coded using two systematic, observational systems. Results indicated that infants used less self-soothing and attentional distraction and more dyadic regulation as they aged. Increased use of self-soothing at earlier ages predicted increased use of dyadic regulation at subsequent ages. Toddlers used more independent, attention-seeking, and escape behavior during periods of maternal unavailability. There were no significant differences between full-term and VLBW/preterm toddlers’ emotion regulation behaviors. Results from the current study contribute to the understanding of normative development of emotion regulation and the risk associated with prematurity.

中文翻译：

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从婴儿期到幼儿期的情绪调节：足月和极低出生体重早产儿的个体和群体轨迹

适应性情绪调节始于婴儿与父母共同调节情绪，从而促进独立调节的发展。关于这种转变何时或如何发生，或父母有空或早产状况等因素的影响，我们知之甚少。目前的研究检查了在足月和健康的极低出生体重 (VLBW) 早产儿 - 母亲 5 ½、12 和 18 个月大时使用自我安抚、注意力分散和二元调节的情况。在 5 ½ 个月时，dyads 参与了 Still-Face 程序。在 12 个月和 18 个月时，dyads 参加了两次自由游戏互动，一个解谜任务和一个干扰任务。情绪调节行为使用两个系统的观察系统进行编码。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，婴儿使用较少的自我安慰和注意力分散以及更多的二元调节。在较早的年龄增加自我安慰的使用预测在随后的年龄增加使用二元调节。蹒跚学步的孩子在母亲不可用期间使用更独立、寻求关注和逃避的行为。足月和VLBW/早产幼儿的情绪调节行为没有显着差异。当前研究的结果有助于理解情绪调节的规范发展和与早产相关的风险。以及在产妇不可用期间的逃避行为。足月和VLBW/早产幼儿的情绪调节行为没有显着差异。当前研究的结果有助于理解情绪调节的规范发展和与早产相关的风险。以及在产妇不可用期间的逃避行为。足月和VLBW/早产幼儿的情绪调节行为没有显着差异。当前研究的结果有助于理解情绪调节的规范发展和与早产相关的风险。