Bilinguals’ two languages seem to be coactivated in parallel during reading, speaking, and listening. However, this coactivation in writing has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to assess orthographic coactivation during spelling-to-dictation. We took advantage of the presence of polyvalent graphemes in Spanish (one phonological representation with two orthographic specifications, e.g., / b /for both the graphemes v and b) to manipulate orthographic congruency. Spanish–English bilinguals were presented with cross-linguistic congruent (movement–movimiento) and incongruent words (government–gobierno) for a dictation task. The time and accuracy to initiate writing and to type the rest-of-word (lexical and sublexical processing) were recorded in both the native language (L1) and the second language (L2). Results revealed no differences between conditions in monolinguals. Bilinguals showed a congruency and language interaction with better performance for congruent stimuli, which was evident from the beginning of typing in L2. Language coactivation and lexical–sublexical interaction during bilinguals’ writing are discussed.

中文翻译：

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双语写作协同激活：单词听写任务中的词汇和亚词汇处理

双语者的两种语言似乎在阅读、口语和听力过程中同时被激活。然而，这种写作中的共激活几乎没有被研究过。本研究旨在评估从拼写到听写期间的正字法协同激活。我们利用西班牙语中多价字素的存在（一种语音表示，具有两种正字法规范，例如，/b / 表示字素 v 和 b）来操纵正字法一致性。西班牙语 - 英语双语者被呈现出跨语言一致性（mov元素-movimiento) 和不一致的词 (government-gobierno) 用于听写任务。以母语 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 记录开始写作和输入单词其余部分（词汇和亚词汇处理）的时间和准确性。结果显示单语者的条件之间没有差异。双语者表现出一致性和语言交互，对一致性刺激有更好的表现，这在 L2 打字开始时就很明显。讨论了双语写作过程中的语言共激活和词汇-亚词汇交互。