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The overabundance of resources leads to small but exclusive home ranges in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) on Bering Island
Polar Biology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02888-3
Anton Pletenev , Elena Kruchenkova , Yulia Mikhnevich , Vyacheslav Rozhnov , Mikhail Goltsman

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), occupying tundra habitats with highly variable resource distribution, is a convenient research model for studying the impact of food availability on space use. Previous studies have shown that the Arctic fox home ranges can vary from 4 to 125 km2. In areas with abundant food resources, home range sizes are smaller and overlap increases. It is theoretically assumed that with an excess of resources, territoriality should disappear. We investigated a fox settlement at the Northern fur seal rookery on Bering Island (North Pacific). We used GPS collars to track nine foxes in the summer of 2014 and 2016. GPS locations were recorded at 5-min intervals. In the home range estimation, we used the Brownian bridge movement model. We also calculated home range sizes using 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP100) and 95% fixed kernel methods to compare our results with previous studies. Home ranges were extremely small with an average of 0.5 km2 (range of 0.2–0.9 km2) by Brownian Bridge and 0.7 km2 (0.3–1.4 km2) by MCP100. We revealed no sex differences in home range size but discovered strong differentiation of activity spatial concentration between males and females. We found a surprisingly small overlap between neighboring foxes, reflecting high territoriality. This runs counter to the trend expected with an overabundant food source. We assume that the combination of the super small size of the home ranges and their exclusivity may be a feature of the island fox land tenure system, which prevents inbreeding and deters infanticide.



中文翻译:

资源过剩导致白令岛上北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)的栖息地虽小但独一无二

北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)占据资源分布高度可变的苔原栖息地,是研究食物供应对空间利用影响的便捷研究模型。以前的研究表明,北极狐的栖息地范围可以从 4 到 125 公里2不等. 在食物资源丰富的地区,家庭范围更小,重叠增加。理论上假设,随着资源的过剩,地域性应该消失。我们调查了白令岛(北太平洋)北部海狗栖息地的狐狸聚居地。我们在 2014 年和 2016 年夏天使用 GPS 项圈跟踪了 9 只狐狸。 GPS 位置以 5 分钟为间隔记录。在家庭范围估计中,我们使用了布朗桥运动模型。我们还使用 100% 最小凸多边形 (MCP100) 和 95% 固定核方法计算了家庭范围大小,以将我们的结果与以前的研究进行比较。家庭范围非常小,布朗桥的平均范围为 0.5 km 2(范围为 0.2-0.9 km 2),0.7 km 2(0.3-1.4 km 22 ) 通过 MCP100。我们发现家庭范围大小没有性别差异,但发现男性和女性之间的活动空间集中度存在很大差异。我们发现相邻狐狸之间惊人的小重叠,反映了高度的领土性。这与食物来源过剩的预期趋势背道而驰。我们假设家庭范围的超小规模和它们的排他性的结合可能是岛狐土地使用制度的一个特征,它可以防止近亲繁殖并阻止杀婴。

更新日期:2021-06-14
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