This article focuses on the socio-economic integration of ethnic minorities in Italy, combining the literature on migration with research on social stratification. We analyse the ethnic penalty on occupational attainment and career mobility, integrating the origin–education–destination theoretical framework with the migration status. Since ethnic penalty is an ‘umbrella concept’, we also quantify the extent to which it is mediated by differences in education and social origin. Furthermore, adopting a diachronic view of migrants’ class attainment, we verify whether the post-migration downgrading is followed by a recovery during the career, considering also mobility within the working class (standard and non-standard). Our analyses are based on the Multipurpose Survey on Households and Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens. The results show that migrants are penalized in the Italian labour market, remaining largely ‘trapped’ in the working class. This inclusion at the bottom of the class structure reduces their heterogeneity by education and by social origin. Moreover, their penalty increases during the career, except when they move from the non-standard to the standard working class. Finally, we find that the ‘unexplained’ component of ethnic penalty, net of education and social origin, is substantial and increases from the first to the current job.

中文翻译：

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移民、阶级成就和社会流动性：意大利移民社会经济一体化分析

本文重点关注意大利少数民族的社会经济融合，将移民文献与社会分层研究相结合。我们分析了职业成就和职业流动性的种族惩罚，将起源-教育-目的地理论框架与迁移状态相结合。由于种族惩罚是一个“伞形概念”，我们还量化了受教育和社会出身差异调节的程度。此外，通过对移民阶级成就的历时观点，我们验证了移民后的降级是否伴随着职业生涯的复苏，同时考虑了工人阶级内部的流动性（标准和非标准）。我们的分析基于关于家庭和社会状况以及外国公民融入的多用途调查。结果表明，移民在意大利劳动力市场受到惩罚，大部分仍被“困”在工人阶级中。这种在阶级结构底部的包容减少了他们因教育和社会出身而产生的异质性。此外，他们的惩罚在职业生涯中会增加，除非他们从非标准转变为标准工人阶级。最后，我们发现种族惩罚中“无法解释”的部分，不包括教育和社会出身，是巨大的，并且从第一个工作到现在的工作增加了。除非他们从非标准转变为标准工人阶级。最后，我们发现种族惩罚中“无法解释”的部分，不包括教育和社会出身，是巨大的，并且从第一个工作到现在的工作增加了。除非他们从非标准转变为标准工人阶级。最后，我们发现种族惩罚中“无法解释”的部分，不包括教育和社会出身，是巨大的，并且从第一个工作到现在的工作增加了。