Bauhinia forficata is an important plant commonly used in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. Its use as an ornamental plant is compromised by the symptoms of anthracnose. Although anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is a widespread plant disease and observed across several Brazilian regions, the species associated with this disease are unknown for most host species. The present study aimed to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of B. forficata in Brazil, as well as the prevalence and aggressiveness of each. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses including the loci APN2, APN2-MAT/IGS, CAL, GAP2/IGS, GAPDH, GS and TUB2 reveals that C. chrysophilum, C. siamense and C. tropicale are associated with B. forficata anthracnose across three different Brazilian geographic regions. Colletotrichum siamense was prevalent in all sampled regions and was also the most aggressive species on B. forficata leaves. The Colletotrichum species here reported have been found on several commercial crops. Since B. forficata commonly occurs as a native plant in areas near commercial fields, it may represent a potential source of inoculum to these crops.

紫荆是传统医药中常用的重要植物，也是公园和花园的观赏植物。它作为观赏植物的用途受到炭疽病症状的影响。尽管炭疽菌引起的炭疽病是一种广泛存在的植物病害，并且在巴西的几个地区都有观察到，但大多数宿主物种都不清楚与这种疾病相关的物种。本研究旨在确定与巴西B. forficata炭疽病相关的炭疽菌属物种，以及每种物种的流行率和侵袭性。包括基因座 APN2、APN2-MAT/IGS、CAL、GAP2/IGS、GAPDH、GS 和 TUB2 在内的多位点系统发育分析表明C. chrysophilum、C. siamense和C. TROPICALE所关联B. forficata横跨三个不同巴西地理区域炭疽病。Colletotrichum siamense在所有采样区域都很普遍，也是B. forficata叶子上最具侵略性的物种。此处报道的炭疽菌物种已在几种经济作物中发现。由于B. forficata通常作为本地植物出现在靠近商业田地的地区，它可能代表这些作物的潜在接种源。