Objective. To explore the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke by evaluating the clinical risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with and without type 2 DM. Methods. A total of 1,156 AIS patients (including 410 with type 2 DM (AIS-DM group)) and 746 without type 2 DM (AIS-NDM group)) were included. Patients’ demographics, auxiliary examinations, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results. Among the included AIS patients, 35.46% had type 2 DM. The AIS-DM group had less males (59.76% versus 70.64%), less smokers (33.90% versus 41.96%), more patients with hypertension (72.93% versus 63.94%; ), higher triglyceride levels (42.93% versus 25.08%; ), and lower total cholesterol (147.06 mg/dl versus 175.31 mg/dl) than the AIS-NDM group. The proportion of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in the AIS-DM group was lower (77.56% versus 85.92%; ) than that in the AIS-NDM group, and the proportion of patients with small arterial occlusions (SAO) in the AIS-DM group was higher (27.07% versus 13.67%; ) than that in the AIS-NDM group. The mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission in the AIS-DM group was lower than that in the AIS-NDM group (4.39 versus 5.00; ), but there was no significant difference in the NIHSS score or the modified Rankin Scale score between the two groups at discharge. A total of 85 AIS patients underwent intravenous thrombolysis treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The door-to-needle time (DNT) did not differ significantly between the groups (49.39 ± 30.40 min versus 44.25 ± 15.24 min; ). In addition, there were no significant differences in the baseline NIHSS score, 7-day NIHSS score, and mRS score at discharge between the groups. After intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA, the AIS-NDM group had better recovery (44.30% versus 29.20%; ) and a higher ratio of good treatment outcome at discharge (65.60% versus 54.20%; ). Conclusions. Type 2 DM is associated with AIS and its risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. Patients in the AIS-DM group had less LAA and smaller arterial occlusions, and DM could exacerbate the short-term clinical outcomes in AIS patients.

中文翻译：

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2型糖尿病患者急性缺血性脑卒中的临床特征和结局：华南地区单中心回顾性研究

目标。通过评估急性缺血性卒中 (AIS) 合并和不合并 2 型糖尿病患者的临床危险因素、特征和结局，探讨 2 型糖尿病 (DM) 与卒中之间的关联。方法。共纳入 1,156 例 AIS 患者（包括 410 例 2 型 DM（AIS-DM 组）和 746 例无 2 型 DM（AIS-NDM 组））。记录和分析患者的人口统计学、辅助检查、临床表现和治疗结果。结果。在纳入的 AIS 患者中，35.46% 患有 2 型糖尿病。AIS-DM 组男性较少（59.76% vs 70.64%），吸烟者较少（33.90% vs 41.96%），高血压患者较多（72.93% vs 63.94%；)，更高的甘油三酯水平（42.93% 对 25.08%；)，并且总胆固醇低于 AIS-NDM 组（147.06 毫克/分升对 175.31 毫克/分升）。AIS-DM组大动脉粥样硬化（LAA）患者比例较低（77.56% vs 85.92%；)比 AIS-NDM 组，AIS-DM 组小动脉闭塞 (SAO) 患者比例更高（27.07% vs 13.67%；) 而不是在 AIS-NDM 组中。AIS-DM 组入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (NIHSS) 的平均评分低于 AIS-NDM 组（4.39 比 5.00；)，但两组出院时NIHSS评分或改良Rankin量表评分无显着差异。共有 85 名 AIS 患者接受了重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂 (rtPA) 的静脉溶栓治疗。各组之间的进针时间 (DNT) 没有显着差异（49.39 ± 30.40 分钟对 44.25 ± 15.24 分钟；）。此外，各组间基线 NIHSS 评分、7 天 NIHSS 评分和出院时 mRS 评分无显着差异。rtPA静脉溶栓后，AIS-NDM组恢复较好（44.30% vs 29.20%；)和出院时良好治疗结果的比例更高（65.60% 对 54.20%；）。 结论。2 型 DM 与 AIS 及其危险因素有关，如血脂异常和高血压。AIS-DM 组患者的 LAA 较少，动脉闭塞较小，并且 DM 会加剧 AIS 患者的短期临床结果。