Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of biostimulants on the resistance to freezing under laboratory-controlled cold conditions and on the growth, development, overwintering and productivity of winter rapeseed and winter wheat in natural field experiments. The effect of free amino acids, macroelements and microelements that contain biostimulants Ruter AA, Terra Sorb and Razormin was tested on cultivars of rapeseed, ‘Hornet H’, and winter wheat, ‘Skagen’ and ‘Kovas’, applying morphometrical methods. We found that biostimulants applied to rapeseed at BBCH 13–14 stage and to wheat at BBCH 14–15 stage under controlled cold stress conditions increased the freezing tolerance of seedlings. Biostimulants more actively increased the freezing resistance of rapeseed seedlings at –5°C compared to that of wheat seedlings. The temperature of –7°C was mortal to rape seedlings, while the resistance of wheat seedlings increased under the influence of the tested biostimulants compared to that of the control seedlings. In natural field experiments, these biostimulants produced a significant effect on plant growth in autumn, acclimation to the cold, plant overwintering, vegetation renewal and, due to this, formation of productivity elements. The effects of Razormin (200 mL/ha), Terra Sorb (2 L/ha) and Ruter AA (1 L/ha) were significantly higher on growth parameters of winter wheat compared to the productivity of winter rapeseed.

中文翻译：

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生物刺激素对冬油菜和冬小麦抗寒性和生产力形成的影响

摘要 本研究旨在通过自然田间试验研究生物刺激素对实验室控制低温条件下抗冻性以及对冬油菜和冬小麦生长、发育、越冬和生产力的影响。应用形态计量学方法测试了游离氨基酸、含有生物刺激剂 Ruter AA、Terra Sorb 和 Razormin 的微量元素对油菜籽“Hornet H”和冬小麦“Skagen”和“Kovas”品种的影响。我们发现在 BBCH 13-14 期油菜籽和 BBCH 14-15 期小麦在受控冷胁迫条件下施用生物刺激素可提高幼苗的抗冻性。与小麦幼苗相比，生物刺激素在 –5°C 下更积极地提高了油菜籽幼苗的抗冻性。–7°C 的温度对油菜幼苗是致命的，而与对照幼苗相比，受测试生物刺激素的影响，小麦幼苗的抗性增加。在自然田间试验中，这些生物刺激素对秋季植物生长、适应寒冷、植物越冬、植被更新以及由此产生的生产力要素的形成产生了显着影响。与冬油菜籽的生产力相比，Razormin (200 mL/ha)、Terra Sorb (2 L/ha) 和 Ruter AA (1 L/ha) 对冬小麦生长参数的影响显着更高。这些生物刺激素对秋季植物生长、对寒冷的适应、植物越冬、植被更新以及由此产生的生产力要素的形成产生了显着影响。与冬油菜籽的生产力相比，Razormin (200 mL/ha)、Terra Sorb (2 L/ha) 和 Ruter AA (1 L/ha) 对冬小麦生长参数的影响显着更高。这些生物刺激素对秋季植物生长、对寒冷的驯化、植物越冬、植被更新以及由此产生的生产力要素的形成产生了显着影响。与冬油菜籽的生产力相比，Razormin (200 mL/ha)、Terra Sorb (2 L/ha) 和 Ruter AA (1 L/ha) 对冬小麦生长参数的影响显着更高。