ABSTRACT At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861, the Union greatly outpaced the Confederacy in industrial manufacturing capabilities. The Confederacy's economy prior to the conflict was largely based on agriculture, and the Southern states lacked the facilities and skilled labourers to produce iron on the scale necessary to compete with the Union. The possibility of importing products was greatly diminished when President Lincoln instituted a naval blockade around major Southern ports, limiting the amount of cargo that could be imported from Europe. Consequently, the Confederacy was forced to adapt ironworks to wartime purposes. Despite these adaptations, the Confederacy suffered from iron shortages throughout the war. This paper uses the iron ballast found on the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley as a case study for the manufacturing processes, labour relationships and social significance of iron production and usage in the Confederacy.

中文翻译：

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Civil War Iron 和 HL Hunley Iron Ballast

摘要 1861 年美国内战开始时，联邦在工业制造能力方面大大超过了邦联。冲突前联邦的经济主要以农业为基础，南方各州缺乏生产铁的设施和熟练工人，无法与联邦竞争。当林肯总统在南部主要港口周围实施海上封锁，限制了可以从欧洲进口的货物数量时，进口产品的可能性大大降低。因此，联邦被迫使钢铁厂适应战时目的。尽管有这些调整，邦联在整个战争期间都遭受了铁短缺的困扰。本文使用在同盟潜艇 HL 上发现的铁镇流器