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To protect white men: job reservation in elevators in South Africa in the 1950s and 1960s
Social History Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2020.1812304
Bridget Kenny 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT ‘Job reservation’ bolstered apartheid state power in South Africa through affirming the status and class position of whites. Under Section 77 of the 1956 Industrial Conciliation Act, an industrial tribunal could be set up to investigate whether a particular occupation might be reserved by race. This article examines the debates surrounding the investigation into an unusual job category – that of the passenger lift attendant within the service sector – demonstrating that what was at stake were the intimacies of gender, sexuality and respectability that were also constitutive of class and race. The National Party was interested in protecting jobs for infirm and elderly white men, and the debate around job reservation in lift operation reveals the centrality of the concept of the white male breadwinner within state policy. However, employers and building owners insisted on the importance of service to the white public as an alternative logic, opening up the possibility of using not only white women’s labour but also automatic lift technology, undermining the very basis on which job reservation rested. Thus the article highlights the contradictory ideological work of job reservation – of protecting white men – in Johannesburg during the 1950s and 1960s.

中文翻译:

保护白人男性:1950 年代和 1960 年代南非电梯的工作预订

摘要 “工作保留”通过肯定白人的地位和阶​​级地位来加强南非的种族隔离国家权力。根据 1956 年《工业调解法》第 77 条,可以设立一个工业法庭来调查特定职业是否可能被种族保留。本文考察了围绕对一个不寻常的工作类别——服务业中的乘客电梯服务员——的调查展开的辩论,表明这其中的利害关系是性别、性取向和受人尊敬的亲密关系,而这些亲密关系也是阶级和种族的组成部分。国家党对保护体弱和老年白人男性的工作很感兴趣,而围绕电梯运营中工作保留的辩论揭示了白人男性养家糊口这一概念在国家政策中的核心地位。然而,雇主和业主坚持为白人公众服务的重要性作为一种替代逻辑,这开辟了不仅可以使用白人女性劳动力而且还可以使用自动电梯技术的可能性,从而破坏了工作保留的基础。因此,这篇文章强调了 1950 年代和 1960 年代约翰内斯堡的工作保留——保护白人男性——的矛盾意识形态工作。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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