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Scabs and Traitors: taboo, violence and punishment in labour disputes in Britain, 1760–1871
Social History Pub Date : 2019-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2019.1618001
Theodore Koditschek 1
Affiliation  

that because of its prevalence ‘disability was normalised’ (134) in mining communities, this did not mean all was well. Miners with impairments often expressed violence to exert a masculinity they felt was threatened by their disability. Men were mocked, and communities worried about men faking their injuries in order to get assistance. Familiar histories of ‘fraudulent beggars’ (136) had an impact on those with real disabilities, who could be treated with suspicion. Interestingly, these examples seem to question the authors’ claim that disability was normalized. Turner and Blackie argue that the 1842 Report created a shift in the representation of mineworkers with disabilities. Drawing on images of impairment and the dangers of coalmining helped pass the 1842 Act and put the disabled mineworker in the popular imagination. Miners used disability to articulate a shared risk that bonded them together and to argue the need for protection for the good of the industry. Sick pay and mine safety became central to union politics, strikes and lobbying of Parliament. Disabled workers took part in direct action and demands for compensation from employers, leading to the ultimate passage of the Employers’ Liability Act of 1880. Those in favour of compensation used the rhetoric of disability to point to miners’ honourable sacrifice in the work of the nation, comparing them to soldiers. Opponents of reform raised the image of the irresponsible and careless miner who was at fault for his own injuries. Overall, Turner and Blackie demonstrate that workers with disabilities were not excluded from industrial work, and that disability is an important category for labour historians to consider. Men who suffered injuries and illnesses from their jobs continued to find places to work that were respected and fought for roles in their communities to maintain their masculinity. In coal mining, the knowledge of the ease with which a worker could become disabled created a shared work identity and a position on which to ground an industrial politics. This valuable study illustrates the many productive intersections that labour and disability history yield and points the way forward for other such studies.

中文翻译:

工贼与叛徒:英国劳资纠纷中的禁忌、暴力与惩罚,1760-1871

因为在采矿社区普遍存在“残疾已正常化”(134),这并不意味着一切都很好。有残疾的矿工经常表达暴力,以表现出他们认为受到残疾威胁的男子气概。男人被嘲笑,社区担心男人为了获得帮助而假装受伤。熟悉的“欺诈乞丐” (136) 的历史对那些真正残疾的人产生了影响,他们可能会受到怀疑。有趣的是,这些例子似乎质疑作者关于残疾已正常化的说法。Turner 和 Blackie 认为,1842 年的报告在残疾矿工的代表方面造成了转变。利用损害和煤矿危险的形象帮助通过了 1842 年法案,并使残疾矿工进入了大众的想象。矿工们利用残疾来阐明将他们联系在一起的共同风险,并争论保护行业利益的必要性。病假工资和矿山安全成为工会政治、罢工和议会游说的核心。残疾工人参与了直接行动并要求雇主赔偿,最终通过了 1880 年的《雇主责任法》。 那些支持赔偿的人使用残疾的言辞来指出矿工在工作中的光荣牺牲民族,把他们比作士兵。改革的反对者提出了一个不负责任和粗心大意的矿工的形象,他对自己的伤害有过错。总体而言,特纳和布莱基表明,残疾工人并未被排除在工业工作之外,残疾是劳动史学家要考虑的一个重要类别。因工作而受伤和生病的男性继续寻找受尊重的工作场所,并为在社区中的角色而奋斗,以保持他们的男子气概。在煤矿开采中,工人很容易成为残疾的知识创造了共享的工作身份和工业政治的基础。这项有价值的研究说明了劳动和残疾历史产生的许多富有成效的交叉点,并为其他此类研究指明了前进的方向。对工人容易成为残疾的了解创造了共同的工作身份和产业政治的基础。这项有价值的研究说明了劳动和残疾历史产生的许多富有成效的交叉点,并为其他此类研究指明了前进的方向。对工人容易成为残疾的了解创造了共同的工作身份和产业政治的基础。这项有价值的研究说明了劳动和残疾历史产生的许多富有成效的交叉点,并为其他此类研究指明了前进的方向。
更新日期:2019-07-03
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