Abstract Preplant soil incorporation of compost has previously shown potential to suppress Pratylenchus penetrans populations and improve replant establishment of newly planted fruit trees at old orchard sites. Using a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the effects of preplant incorporation of three compost amendments (agricultural waste compost, yard trimmings compost, and municipal waste compost) on growth of apple seedlings, P. penetrans populations, microbial populations associated with soil suppressiveness, and microbial activity using soil collected from three orchard sites. We also aimed to identify the biological factors that were most strongly associated with enhanced plant growth in compost-amended soil. In four out of nine compost type × soil combinations, compost improved apple seedling growth relative to the control. In four out of nine compost type × soil combinations, compost reduced P. penetrans root infestation relative to the control, and in one compost type × soil combination, compost amendment increased P. penetrans root infestation. Composts stimulated soil microbial activity and abundance, resulting in greater populations of Pseudomonas spp. in soil in seven of the nine compost type × soil combinations. In a step-wise multiple linear regression, P. penetrans root infestation and the total abundance of fungi in soil accounted for the most variance in plant biomass, with increases in both variables correlated with reduced seedling biomass. Overall, composts show variability in the capacity to promote the establishment of fruit trees in orchard soil. Future research should be directed toward understanding variability in compost-induced plant growth promotion among different orchard soils and compost types.

中文翻译：

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种植前土壤掺入堆肥以减轻再植病害：与果园土壤中植物生长促进相关的土壤生物学因素

摘要 堆肥的种植前土壤掺入先前已显示出抑制 Pratylenchus penetrans 种群和改善旧果园地点新种植果树的再植建立的潜力。使用温室试验，我们评估了三种堆肥改良剂（农业废物堆肥、庭院修剪堆肥和城市垃圾堆肥）的种植前掺入对苹果幼苗、P. penetrans 种群、与土壤抑制相关的微生物种群和微生物种群生长的影响。活动使用从三个果园地点收集的土壤。我们还旨在确定与堆肥改良土壤中植物生长增强最密切相关的生物因素。在九个堆肥类型×土壤组合中的四个中，堆肥相对于对照改善了苹果幼苗的生长。在九个堆肥类型×土壤组合中的四个中，堆肥相对于对照减少了 P. penetrans 根部侵染，而在一种堆肥类型 × 土壤组合中，堆肥添加物增加了 P. penetrans 根部侵染。堆肥刺激了土壤微生物的活动和丰度，导致更多的假单胞菌种群。在九种堆肥类型×土壤组合中的七种土壤中。在逐步多元线性回归中，P. penetrans 根侵染和土壤中真菌的总丰度占植物生物量的最大差异，这两个变量的增加与幼苗生物量的减少相关。总体而言，堆肥在促进果园土壤中果树生长的能力方面表现出差异。