Abstract The paper investigates the air quality in the urban area of Warsaw, Poland. Calculations are carried out using the emissions and meteorological data from the year 2012. The modeling tool is the regional CALMET/CALPUFF system, which is used to link the emission sources with the distributions of the annual mean concentrations. Several types of polluting species that characterize the urban atmospheric environment, like PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, Pb, B(a)P, are included in the analysis. The goal of the analysis is to identify the most polluted districts and polluting compounds there, to check where the concentration limits of particular pollutants are exceeded. Then, emission sources (or emission categories) which are mainly responsible for violation of air quality standards and increase the adverse health effects, are identified. The modeling results show how the major emission sources – the energy sector, industry, traffic and the municipal sector – relate to the concentrations calculated in receptor points, including the contribution of the transboundary inflow. The results allow to identify districts where the concentration limits are exceeded and action plans are needed. A quantitative source apportionment shows the emission sources which are mainly responsible for the violation of air quality standards. It is shown that the road transport and the municipal sector are the emission classes which substantially affect air quality in Warsaw. Also transboundary inflow contributes highly to concentrations of some pollutants. The results presented can be of use in analyzing emission reduction policies for the city, as a part of an integrated modeling system.

中文翻译：

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华沙城市群空气质量建模

摘要 本文调查了波兰华沙市区的空气质量。使用 2012 年的排放和气象数据进行计算。建模工具是区域 CALMET/CALPUFF 系统，用于将排放源与年平均浓度的分布联系起来。分析中包括了表征城市大气环境的几种类型的污染物质，如 PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SO2、Pb、B(a)P。分析的目标是确定污染最严重的地区和那里的污染化合物，以检查特定污染物的浓度限制在哪里被超过。然后，确定主要负责违反空气质量标准和增加不利健康影响的排放源（或排放类别）。建模结果显示了主要排放源——能源部门、工业、交通和市政部门——如何与接收点计算的浓度相关，包括跨界流入的贡献。结果允许确定超过浓度限制并需要采取行动计划的地区。定量源解析显示了对违反空气质量标准负主要责任的排放源。结果表明，道路交通和市政部门是对华沙空气质量产生重大影响的排放类别。此外，跨界流入对某些污染物的浓度影响很大。作为综合建模系统的一部分，所呈现的结果可用于分析城市的减排政策。